Institute of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
Department of Occupational Health Science, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2018 Jan;91(1):1-11. doi: 10.1007/s00420-017-1253-8. Epub 2017 Aug 11.
Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) is a well-tested work-related stress model with three components, the two extrinsic components "efforts" and "rewards" and the one intrinsic component "overcommitment". While an imbalance between "efforts" and "rewards" leads to strain reactions, "work-related overcommitment" (OC) has been described as a personal characteristic with a set of attitudes, behaviours, and emotions reflecting excessive striving combined with a strong desire for approval. However, the question whether OC is a personality trait or a response pattern sensitive to changes in the work context (state) is still open.
2940 Swedish industrial employees were included in this longitudinal analysis of the WOLF-Norrland data over 5 years. A change of OC index or its subscales were regressed against a change of freedom of choice at work, extra work, and ERI adjusted for age, sex, and education.
While OC was insensitive to changes in freedom of choice at work and extra work, it was clearly associated with changes of work-related stress over time. Three of four OC subscales exhibited statistically significant associations with ERI.
For the first time, we studied fundamental characteristics of OC as an independent personality variable (trait) or an outcome variable subject to changes in the work environment (state). The association between external ERI and OC over time supports our hypothesis of OC being a state. Further investigations are needed to establish OC as a trait or a state.
努力-回报失衡（ERI）是一个经过充分验证的与工作相关的应激模型，有三个组成部分，两个外在成分“努力”和“回报”，以及一个内在成分“过度投入”。虽然“努力”和“回报”之间的失衡会导致紧张反应，但“与工作相关的过度投入”（OC）已被描述为一种个人特征，具有一套反映过度努力的态度、行为和情绪，以及对认可的强烈渴望。然而，OC 是一种人格特质还是对工作环境变化（状态）敏感的反应模式的问题仍未解决。
本研究对 WOLF-Norrland 数据进行了 5 年的纵向分析，共纳入了 2940 名瑞典工业员工。OC 指数或其分量表的变化与工作中的选择自由、额外工作和 ERI 的变化相关，ERI 是根据年龄、性别和教育程度进行调整的。
虽然 OC 对工作中的选择自由和额外工作的变化不敏感，但它与工作相关的压力随时间的变化明显相关。OC 的四个分量表中有三个与 ERI 呈统计学显著相关。
我们首次研究了 OC 作为一个独立的人格变量（特质）或受工作环境变化影响的结果变量（状态）的基本特征。外部 ERI 和 OC 随时间的关联支持我们关于 OC 是一种状态的假设。需要进一步的研究来确定 OC 是一种特质还是一种状态。
