Department of Occupational Therapy, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY 10003, United States.
School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
Res Dev Disabil. 2017 Oct;69:30-38. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.07.010. Epub 2017 Aug 9.
Visual perceptual motor skills have been proposed as underlying courses of handwriting difficulties. However, there is no evaluation tool currently available to assess these skills comprehensively and to serve as a sensitive measure. The purpose of this study was to validate the Computerized Perceptual Motor Skills Assessment (CPMSA), a newly developed evaluation tool for children in early elementary grades. Its test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, discriminant validity, and responsiveness were examined in 43 typically developing children and 26 children with handwriting difficulty. The CPMSA demonstrated excellent reliability across all subtests with intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs)≥0.80. Significant moderate correlations between the domains of the CPMSA and corresponding gold standards including Beery VMI, the TVPS-3, and the eye-hand coordination subtest of the DTVP-2 demonstrated good concurrent validity. In addition, the CPMSA showed evidence of discriminant validity in samples of children with and without handwriting difficulty. This article provides evidence in support of the CPMSA. The CPMSA is a reliable, valid, and promising measure of visual perceptual motor skills for children in early elementary grades. Directions for future study and improvements to the assessment are discussed.
视觉感知运动技能被认为是书写困难的潜在原因。然而，目前还没有一种评估工具可以全面评估这些技能，并作为一种敏感的测量方法。本研究的目的是验证计算机感知运动技能评估（CPMSA），这是一种新开发的用于小学低年级儿童的评估工具。在 43 名发育正常的儿童和 26 名书写困难的儿童中，对其进行了重测信度、同时效度、判别效度和反应度的检验。CPMSA 在所有子测试中均具有出色的可靠性，组内相关系数（ICC）≥0.80。CPMSA 与包括 Beery VMI、TVPS-3 和 DTVP-2 的眼手协调子测试在内的相应金标准领域之间存在显著的中度相关性，表明其具有良好的同时效度。此外，CPMSA 在有和没有书写困难的儿童样本中均表现出判别效度的证据。本文为 CPMSA 提供了证据支持。CPMSA 是一种可靠、有效的、针对小学低年级儿童视觉感知运动技能的有前途的测量方法。讨论了未来研究和评估改进的方向。
