Department of Child Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiang Su, China.
Department of Child Health Care, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiang Su, China.
PLoS One. 2020 Mar 2;15(3):e0229786. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229786. eCollection 2020.
Handwriting ability is related to many neuronal functions, such as visual-perceptual skills, orthographic coding, motor planning and execution, kinesthetic feedback and visual-motor coordination. To date, there is no specific assessment tool for to assess preschool children's handwriting ability in Mainland China. Our study aimed to develop a tool to assess the handwriting ability of children aged 5-6 years old in Mainland China and to analyze its reliability and validity.
The investigation comprised three phases: 1) original tool generation, 2) tool revision, 3) reliability analysis (i.e., interrater, test-retest) and validity analysis (i.e., content, criterion).
The sample included a total of 482 children. The internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) was 0.74. The test-retest correlation coefficients ranged from 0.38 to 0.80. As expected, our data showed an improving trend in handwriting, and differences in respect to age and gender. When compared with the 'handwriting difficulty' group, each subtest score of children in the 'normal' group showed significant differences (p < 0.05). The correlation validity, compared with the visual-motor integration development test (VMI), was 0.17-0.52.
The Handwriting Test for Preschool Children (HT-PRE), which is a newly developed handwriting screening tool for preschool children aged 5-6 years old in Mainland China, has displayed a very good internal consistency, acceptable test-retest reproducibility, and good criterion-based validity, and has also shown good application prospects for handwriting difficulty screening in a clinical setting.
书写能力与许多神经元功能有关，例如视觉感知技能、正字法编码、运动规划和执行、动觉反馈和视觉运动协调。迄今为止，中国大陆还没有专门用于评估学龄前儿童书写能力的评估工具。我们的研究旨在开发一种评估中国大陆 5-6 岁儿童书写能力的工具，并分析其信度和效度。
该调查包括三个阶段：1）原始工具生成，2）工具修订，3）可靠性分析（即评分者间信度、重测信度）和有效性分析（即内容效度、效标关联效度）。
样本共包括 482 名儿童。内部一致性（Cronbach alpha）为 0.74。重测信度相关系数范围为 0.38 至 0.80。正如预期的那样，我们的数据显示出书写能力的提高趋势，且在年龄和性别方面存在差异。与“书写困难”组相比，“正常”组的每个子测试得分均存在显著差异（p < 0.05）。与视觉运动整合发展测试（VMI）的相关效度为 0.17-0.52。
为中国大陆 5-6 岁学龄前儿童开发的新的书写筛查工具——《学龄前儿童书写测试》（HT-PRE）具有很好的内部一致性、可接受的重测信度和良好的基于标准的效度，并且在临床环境中也具有良好的书写困难筛查应用前景。
