Institute of Geology, Department of Hydrogeology and Water Protection, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Bogumiła Krygowskiego 12, 61-680, Poznan, Poland.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jan;26(3):2038-2046. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3. Epub 2017 Aug 12.
The article presents analyses of long-term water quality data from the Warta River between 1958 and 2016. A clear increasing trend in nitrate concentrations was observed from 1958 to the early 1990s. This trend was mainly related to the increasing use of fertilizers in Poland in this period. Then, after the early 1990s, a slow decreasing trend related to improvements in water and sewage management and more rational fertilizer use was observed after political and economic changes in Poland. The influence of long-term hydrological droughts on nitrate concentrations was also investigated. Sharp increases in the nitrate concentration in surface water were related to the accumulation of contaminants in the soil and aeration zone during drought periods and the subsequent transport of these contaminants to groundwater and surface water via recharge infiltration after each drought period. The presented results highlight the importance of surface water-groundwater interactions and suggest that groundwater protection in an entire catchment area is essential for surface water quality protection.
本文对 1958 年至 2016 年间瓦尔塔河的长期水质数据进行了分析。研究发现，1958 年至 90 年代初，硝酸盐浓度呈明显上升趋势。这一趋势主要与波兰在这一时期化肥使用量的增加有关。90 年代初以后，随着波兰政治经济的变化，水质和污水处理管理得到改善，化肥使用更加合理，硝酸盐浓度呈缓慢下降趋势。本文还研究了长期水文干旱对硝酸盐浓度的影响。地表水硝酸盐浓度的急剧增加与干旱期间土壤和通气层中污染物的积累以及每次干旱后污染物通过补给渗透向地下水和地表水的传输有关。研究结果强调了地表水-地下水相互作用的重要性，表明整个集水区的地下水保护对于地表水水质保护至关重要。
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