Kramer Robin S S, Manesi Zoi, Towler Alice, Reynolds Michael G, Burton A Mike
Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of York, UK.
Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, 1190 VU Amsterdam , The Netherlands.
Perception. 2018 Jan;47(1):3-15. doi: 10.1177/0301006617725242. Epub 2017 Aug 13.
As faces become familiar, we come to rely more on their internal features for recognition and matching tasks. Here, we assess whether this same pattern is also observed for a card sorting task. Participants sorted photos showing either the full face, only the internal features, or only the external features into multiple piles, one pile per identity. In Experiments 1 and 2, we showed the standard advantage for familiar faces-sorting was more accurate and showed very few errors in comparison with unfamiliar faces. However, for both familiar and unfamiliar faces, sorting was less accurate for external features and equivalent for internal and full faces. In Experiment 3, we asked whether external features can ever be used to make an accurate sort. Using familiar faces and instructions on the number of identities present, we nevertheless found worse performance for the external in comparison with the internal features, suggesting that less identity information was available in the former. Taken together, we show that full faces and internal features are similarly informative with regard to identity. In comparison, external features contain less identity information and produce worse card sorting performance. This research extends current thinking on the shift in focus, both in attention and importance, toward the internal features and away from the external features as familiarity with a face increases.
随着面孔变得熟悉，我们在识别和匹配任务中越来越依赖其内部特征。在此，我们评估在卡片分类任务中是否也能观察到相同的模式。参与者将展示全脸、仅内部特征或仅外部特征的照片分成多堆，每个身份一堆。在实验1和实验2中，我们展示了熟悉面孔的标准优势——与不熟悉的面孔相比，分类更准确且错误极少。然而，对于熟悉和不熟悉的面孔，外部特征的分类准确性较低，而内部特征和全脸的分类准确性相当。在实验3中，我们询问外部特征是否能用于准确分类。使用熟悉的面孔并给出关于存在身份数量的指示，我们仍然发现与内部特征相比，外部特征的表现更差，这表明前者包含的身份信息较少。综合来看，我们表明全脸和内部特征在身份识别方面的信息量相似。相比之下，外部特征包含的身份信息较少，卡片分类表现也较差。这项研究扩展了当前对于随着对面孔熟悉度增加，注意力和重要性向内部特征转移、远离外部特征这一焦点转变的认识。
