Young A W, Hay D C, McWeeny K H, Flude B M, Ellis A W
Perception. 1985;14(6):737-46. doi: 10.1068/p140737.
Two experiments are reported in which subjects were asked to match a photograph of a complete face and a simultaneously presented photograph of internal or external features of a face, deciding whether or not the two photographs were pictures of the same person. In experiment 1 'same' pairs were derived from different pictures of the same face, so that subjects had to match the faces and not the particular photographs used. Matches based on internal features were found to be faster for familiar than for unfamiliar faces, whereas there was no difference in reaction time between matches based on the external features of familiar and unfamiliar faces. Faster matching of internal features of familiar faces was found to hold equally for pairs of photographs that differed in orientation of the face or in facial expression. In experiment 2 'same' pairs were derived from the same photographs, which gave subjects the choice of matching on the basis of the features of the depicted faces or matching the photographs. Reaction times were faster than in experiment 1, and there were no differences between familiar and unfamiliar faces. The study confirms reports of differential saliency of the internal features of familiar faces, and shows that this only holds when stimuli are treated as faces. The finding thus reflects properties of structural rather than pictorial codes.
本文报告了两项实验，实验要求受试者将一张完整面部照片与同时呈现的面部内部或外部特征照片进行匹配，判断两张照片是否为同一个人的照片。在实验1中，“相同”对是从同一张脸的不同照片中选取的，这样受试者必须匹配面部而不是所使用的特定照片。结果发现，基于内部特征的匹配，熟悉面孔比不熟悉面孔更快，而基于熟悉面孔和不熟悉面孔外部特征的匹配在反应时间上没有差异。对于面部朝向或面部表情不同的照片对，熟悉面孔内部特征的更快匹配同样成立。在实验2中，“相同”对是从相同照片中选取的，这让受试者可以选择根据所描绘面部的特征进行匹配或匹配照片。反应时间比实验1更快，熟悉面孔和不熟悉面孔之间没有差异。该研究证实了关于熟悉面孔内部特征显著性差异的报道，并表明只有当刺激被视为面孔时才成立。因此，这一发现反映了结构编码而非图像编码的特性。
