Sanina Nina, Chopenko Natalia, Mazeika Andrey, Kostetsky Eduard
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova St. 8, Vladivostok 690091, Russia.
Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:4389525. doi: 10.1155/2017/4389525. Epub 2017 Jul 20.
New generation vaccines, based on isolated antigens, are safer than traditional ones, comprising the whole pathogen. However, major part of purified antigens has weak immunogenicity. Therefore, elaboration of new adjuvants, more effective and safe, is an urgent problem of vaccinology. Tubular immunostimulating complexes (TI-complexes) are a new type of nanoparticulate antigen delivery systems with adjuvant activity. TI-complexes consist of cholesterol and compounds isolated from marine hydrobionts: cucumarioside A2-2 (CDA) from and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) from marine algae or seagrass. These components were selected due to immunomodulatory and other biological activities. Glycolipid MGDG from marine macrophytes comprises a high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which demonstrate immunomodulatory properties. CDA is a well-characterized individual compound capable of forming stable complex with cholesterol. Such complexes do not possess hemolytic activity. Ultralow doses of cucumariosides stimulate cell as well as humoral immunity. Therefore, TI-complexes comprising biologically active components turned out to be more effective than the strongest adjuvants: immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMs) and complete Freund's adjuvant. In the present review, we discuss results published in series of our articles on elaboration, qualitative and quantitative composition, ultrastructure, and immunostimulating activity of TI-complexes. The review allows immersion in the history of creating TI-complexes.
基于分离抗原的新一代疫苗比包含完整病原体的传统疫苗更安全。然而，纯化抗原的大部分具有较弱的免疫原性。因此，研发更有效、更安全的新型佐剂是疫苗学中的一个紧迫问题。管状免疫刺激复合物（TI复合物）是一种具有佐剂活性的新型纳米颗粒抗原递送系统。TI复合物由胆固醇和从海洋生物中分离的化合物组成：从海参中提取的海参皂苷A2-2（CDA）和从海藻或海草中提取的单半乳糖基二酰基甘油（MGDG）。选择这些成分是基于它们的免疫调节和其他生物学活性。来自海洋大型植物的糖脂MGDG含有高水平的多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA），这些脂肪酸具有免疫调节特性。CDA是一种特性明确的单一化合物，能够与胆固醇形成稳定的复合物。这种复合物不具有溶血活性。超低剂量的海参皂苷可刺激细胞免疫和体液免疫。因此，包含生物活性成分的TI复合物比最强的佐剂——免疫刺激复合物（ISCOM）和完全弗氏佐剂更有效。在本综述中，我们讨论了我们一系列文章中发表的关于TI复合物的制备、定性和定量组成、超微结构以及免疫刺激活性的结果。这篇综述让我们得以深入了解TI复合物的创建历程。
