Mostaço-Guidolin Leila, Rosin Nicole L, Hackett Tillie-Louise
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Aug 15;18(8):1772. doi: 10.3390/ijms18081772.
The ability to respond to injury with tissue repair is a fundamental property of all multicellular organisms. The extracellular matrix (ECM), composed of fibrillar collagens as well as a number of other components is dis-regulated during repair in many organs. In many tissues, scaring results when the balance is lost between ECM synthesis and degradation. Investigating what disrupts this balance and what effect this can have on tissue function remains an active area of research. Recent advances in the imaging of fibrillar collagen using second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging have proven useful in enhancing our understanding of the supramolecular changes that occur during scar formation and disease progression. Here, we review the physical properties of SHG, and the current nonlinear optical microscopy imaging (NLOM) systems that are used for SHG imaging. We provide an extensive review of studies that have used SHG in skin, lung, cardiovascular, tendon and ligaments, and eye tissue to understand alterations in fibrillar collagens in scar tissue. Lastly, we review the current methods of image analysis that are used to extract important information about the role of fibrillar collagens in scar formation.
通过组织修复对损伤做出反应的能力是所有多细胞生物的一项基本特性。由纤维状胶原蛋白以及许多其他成分组成的细胞外基质（ECM）在许多器官的修复过程中会失调。在许多组织中，当ECM合成与降解之间的平衡丧失时就会形成瘢痕。研究是什么破坏了这种平衡以及这会对组织功能产生什么影响仍然是一个活跃的研究领域。利用二次谐波产生（SHG）成像对纤维状胶原蛋白进行成像的最新进展已被证明有助于增强我们对瘢痕形成和疾病进展过程中发生的超分子变化的理解。在这里，我们回顾了SHG的物理特性以及用于SHG成像的当前非线性光学显微镜成像（NLOM）系统。我们广泛综述了利用SHG对皮肤、肺、心血管、肌腱和韧带以及眼组织进行研究以了解瘢痕组织中纤维状胶原蛋白变化的相关研究。最后，我们回顾了当前用于提取有关纤维状胶原蛋白在瘢痕形成中作用的重要信息的图像分析方法。
