Prevoo Mariëlle Jl, Tamis-LeMonda Catherine S
Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands.
NYU Steinhardt, 246 Greene Street 5R, New York, NY 10003 USA.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2017 Jun;15:33-39. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.003. Epub 2017 Feb 20.
We review research on intra-cultural differences in parenting, and the sources of those differences. Ethnic-minority parents differ from majority parents in parenting values, childrearing goals and resources-differences that affect parenting practices and children's development. Within-country comparisons indicate less sensitivity, more authoritarian discipline, less child-focused communications, and less engagement in learning activities in ethnic-minority compared to ethnic-majority parents, which help account for disparities in children. Despite group differences in parenting, associations between parenting and child development generalize across cultures, with rare exceptions. However, a focus on intra-cultural differences is based on comparisons of group 'averages', which masks the enormous variation within ethnic-minority samples. Within-group variation can be partly explained by stressors associated with low socioeconomic status (SES), acculturation and discrimination.
我们回顾了关于育儿中文化内部差异及其差异来源的研究。少数族裔父母在育儿价值观、育儿目标和资源方面与多数族裔父母不同，这些差异会影响育儿方式和孩子的发展。国内比较表明，与多数族裔父母相比，少数族裔父母的敏感性较低、更倾向于专制的管教方式、以孩子为中心的沟通较少，参与学习活动也较少，这有助于解释孩子之间的差异。尽管育儿方式存在群体差异，但育儿与儿童发展之间的关联在不同文化中普遍存在，只有极少数例外。然而，对文化内部差异的关注基于群体“平均值”的比较，这掩盖了少数族裔样本中的巨大差异。群体内部的差异部分可以由与低社会经济地位（SES）、文化适应和歧视相关的压力因素来解释。
