Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, PO BOX 314, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 16;7(1):8457. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08911-0.
Nanomaterials (NMs) are recommended to be tested in longer term exposures. Multigenerational (MG) studies are scarce and particularly important because effects can be transferred to the next generation. The current risk assessment framework does not include MG effects and this is a caveat for persistent materials. Here, the effects of copper NMs (CuONMs) and copper salt (CuCl) were assessed in a MG exposure (4 generations in spiked soil + 2 generations in clean soil, F1 to F7 generations in total), with the standard soil model Enchytraeus crypticus, using relevant reproduction test effect concentrations (EC, EC), monitoring survival and reproduction. This represented ca. 1 year continuous exposure tests. MG effects varied with effect concentration and test materials: CuONMs caused increased toxicity for EC exposed organisms (EC did not change), and transfer to clean media reset effects, whereas CuCl reduced toxicity for EC and EC, but the transfer to clean media "revived" the initial effects, i.e. close to EC levels in F7. Clearly CuONMs and CuCl cause different mechanisms of toxicity or response in the long term, not predictable based on short term or one generation studies. The present contributes for the improvement of risk assessment, adding important information for the long term exposure and effects.
纳米材料（NMs）被建议进行长期暴露测试。多代（MG）研究很少，因此尤为重要，因为这些研究可以将影响传递给下一代。目前的风险评估框架不包括 MG 效应，这对持久性材料来说是一个警告。在这里，使用相关的繁殖测试效应浓度（EC、EC），通过标准土壤模型螬蠕蚓（Enchytraeus crypticus），在多代暴露（污染土壤中的 4 代+清洁土壤中的 2 代，共 F1 到 F7 代）中评估了铜纳米材料（CuONMs）和铜盐（CuCl）的影响，监测了生存和繁殖。这代表了大约 1 年的连续暴露测试。MG 效应随效应浓度和测试材料的不同而变化：CuONMs 对 EC 暴露生物的毒性增加（EC 没有变化），而转移到清洁介质则重置了效应，而 CuCl 降低了 EC 和 EC 的毒性，但转移到清洁介质“恢复”了初始效应，即在 F7 时接近 EC 水平。显然，CuONMs 和 CuCl 在长期内引起不同的毒性或反应机制，这不能基于短期或一代研究来预测。本研究有助于改进风险评估，为长期暴露和效应提供了重要信息。
