Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, PO Box 314, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
Sci Rep. 2017 May 2;7(1):1355. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01507-8.
Toxicity tests that last the all life duration of the organisms are not common, instead, long-term tests usually include one reproductive cycle. In the present study we optimized and propose a lifespan (all life) term test using Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta). The effect of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) was assessed in this lifespan test and compared to copper salt (CuCl), using the same effect concentrations on reproduction (EC). Monitored endpoints included survival and reproduction over-time (202 days). Results from survival showed that CuO-NPs caused shorter life of the adults compared to CuCl (control LT: 218 days > CuCl LT: 175 days > CuO-NPs LT: 145 days). The effect was even more amplified in terms of reproduction (control ET: 158 days > CuCl ET: 138 days > CuO-NPs ET: 92 days). Results suggest that CuO-NPs may cause a higher Cu effect via a trojan horse mechanism. The use of lifespan tests brings a novel concept in soil ecotoxicity, the longevity. This is a particularly important aspect when the subject is nanomaterials toxicity, where longer term exposure time is expected to reveal unpredicted effects via the current short/long-term tests. The present study confirms this higher effect for CuO-NPs.
毒性测试通常不会持续生物体的整个生命周期，而是包括一个生殖周期。在本研究中，我们优化并提出了一种使用真涡虫（Oligochaeta）的寿命（全生命周期）测试。使用相同的生殖效应浓度（EC）评估了氧化铜纳米颗粒（CuO-NPs）对寿命测试的影响，并与铜盐（CuCl）进行了比较。监测的终点包括随时间的生存和繁殖（202 天）。生存结果表明，与 CuCl（对照 LT：218 天> CuCl LT：175 天> CuO-NPs LT：145 天）相比，CuO-NPs 导致成虫寿命缩短。在繁殖方面的影响更为明显（对照 ET：158 天> CuCl ET：138 天> CuO-NPs ET：92 天）。结果表明，CuO-NPs 可能通过特洛伊木马机制导致更高的 Cu 效应。寿命测试为土壤生态毒性带来了一个新的概念，即长寿。当研究对象是纳米材料毒性时，这是一个特别重要的方面，因为预期更长的暴露时间会通过当前的短期/长期测试揭示出意想不到的影响。本研究证实了 CuO-NPs 的这种更高效应。
