Fluconazole resistance in species: a current perspective.

and the emerging non- spp. have significant clinical relevance among many patient populations. Current treatment guidelines include fluconazole as a primary therapeutic option for the treatment of these infections, but it is only fungistatic against spp. and both inherent and acquired resistance to fluconazole have been reported. Such mechanisms of resistance include increased drug efflux, alteration or increase in the drug target, and development of compensatory pathways for producing the target sterol, ergosterol. While many mechanisms of resistance observed in are also found in the non- species, there are also important and unexpected differences between species. Furthermore, mechanisms of fluconazole resistance in emerging spp., including the global health threat , are largely unknown. In order to preserve the utility of one of our fundamental antifungal drugs, fluconazole, it is essential that we fully appreciate the manner by which spp. manifest resistance to it.