Renganathan Arun, Felley-Bosco Emanuela
Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, India.
Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1008:199-222. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-5203-3_7.
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the major elements of the mammalian transcriptome that is emerging as a central player controlling diverse cellular mechanisms. Most of the well-studied lncRNAs so far are found to be crucial in regulating cellular processes such as cell cycle, growth, and apoptosis that ensure homeostasis. Owing to their location and distribution in the genome, lncRNAs influence the transcription of a wide range of proteins directly or indirectly by transcriptional and posttranscriptional alterations, which opens up the "LncRNA-cancer paradigm" in a context-dependent manner, i.e., either oncogenic or tumor suppressive. Thus, this chapter is a consolidation of lncRNA association in exhibiting or suppressing the typical cancer hallmarks such as continuous proliferation, surpassing apoptosis, genomic instability, drug resistance, invasion, and metastasis studied till date. In addition, special focus has been given on the efficient application of lncRNAs as potential targets for therapeutics that holds a great promise for future cancer therapy.
长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）是哺乳动物转录组的主要组成部分，正逐渐成为控制多种细胞机制的核心因子。迄今为止，大多数经过深入研究的lncRNAs在调节细胞周期、生长和凋亡等确保体内平衡的细胞过程中发挥着关键作用。由于lncRNAs在基因组中的位置和分布，它们通过转录和转录后改变直接或间接影响多种蛋白质的转录，从而以一种依赖于上下文的方式开启了“lncRNA-癌症范式”，即要么具有致癌性，要么具有肿瘤抑制作用。因此，本章整合了迄今为止所研究的lncRNA在表现或抑制典型癌症特征（如持续增殖、逃避凋亡、基因组不稳定、耐药性、侵袭和转移）方面的关联。此外，还特别关注了lncRNAs作为潜在治疗靶点的有效应用，这为未来的癌症治疗带来了巨大希望。
