Nakanishi Yosuke, Wakisaka Naohiro, Kondo Satoru, Endo Kazuhira, Sugimoto Hisashi, Hatano Miyako, Ueno Takayoshi, Ishikawa Kazuya, Yoshizaki Tomokazu
Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.
Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2017 Sep;36(3):435-447. doi: 10.1007/s10555-017-9693-x.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is very common in southern China and Southeast Asia. In regions where NPC is endemic, undifferentiated subtypes constitute most cases and are invariably associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, whereas the differentiated subtype is more common in other parts of the world. Undifferentiated NPC is a unique malignancy with regard to its epidemiology, etiology, and clinical presentation. Clinically, NPC is highly invasive and metastatic, but sensitive to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT). Overall prognosis has dramatically improved over the past three decades because of advances in management, including the improvement of RT technology, the broader application of chemotherapy, and more accurate disease staging. Despite the excellent local control with modern RT, distant failure remains a challenging problem. Advances in molecular technology have helped to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of NPC. This article reviews the contribution of EBV gene products to NPC pathogenesis and the current management of NPC.
鼻咽癌（NPC）在中国南方和东南亚地区非常常见。在鼻咽癌流行的地区，未分化亚型占大多数病例，并且总是与爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）感染相关，而分化型亚型在世界其他地区更为常见。未分化鼻咽癌在流行病学、病因学和临床表现方面是一种独特的恶性肿瘤。临床上，鼻咽癌具有高度侵袭性和转移性，但对化疗和放疗（RT）均敏感。由于管理方面的进步，包括放疗技术的改进、化疗的更广泛应用以及更准确的疾病分期，过去三十年来总体预后有了显著改善。尽管现代放疗能实现出色的局部控制，但远处转移仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题。分子技术的进步有助于阐明鼻咽癌的分子发病机制。本文综述了EBV基因产物对鼻咽癌发病机制的作用以及鼻咽癌的当前治疗方法。
