Kurowski Marcin, Jurczyk Janusz, Olszewska-Ziąber Agnieszka, Jarzębska Marzanna, Krysztofiak Hubert, Kowalski Marek L
Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
National Centre for Sports Medicine (COMS), Warsaw, Poland.
Adv Med Sci. 2018 Mar;63(1):79-86. doi: 10.1016/j.advms.2017.07.004. Epub 2017 Aug 17.
Intensive exercise modifies airway inflammation and infection susceptibility. We aimed to determine the effect of exercise on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1ra, IL-10) and innate immunity protein (HSPA1, sCD14) levels in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and nasal secretions of competitive athletes, non-exercising asthmatics and healthy controls (HC).
The study group consisted of 15 competitive athletes (five speed skaters and ten swimmers) aged 15-25. The control groups comprised 10 mild-to-moderate asthmatics (AC) and seven HC. Athletes were assessed in- and off-training while asthmatics and controls at one time point. Nasal lavages and EBC were collected before and after a treadmill exercise challenge. Protein levels were assessed using ELISA.
TNF-α levels in EBC were significantly higher in athletes than HC, but similar to asthmatic patients. In contrast, IL-1ra EBC concentrations were significantly lower in athletes than in HC, but again similar to asthmatics. Significant positive correlations were seen between baseline concentrations of TNF-α in EBC and fall in FEV1 following exercise challenge in athletes during training period (R=0.74, p<0.01) and in asthmatics (R=0.64, p<0.05). In nasal secretions, baseline IL-1ra levels were significantly higher in athletes and asthmatics than in HC. Exercise caused a slight, yet significant, increase in EBC HSPA1 in athletes (p=0.02). The exercise challenge did not considerably influence TNF-α, IL-1ra, HSPA1 and sCD14 in EBC or nasal secretions.
Dysregulation of the TNF-α/IL-1ra balance in EBC and nasal secretions from athletes may reflect the presence of airway inflammation induced by repeated strenuous exercise.
高强度运动可改变气道炎症和感染易感性。我们旨在确定运动对竞技运动员、非运动性哮喘患者和健康对照者（HC）呼出气冷凝液（EBC）和鼻分泌物中促炎和抗炎细胞因子（TNF-α、IL-1ra、IL-10）以及固有免疫蛋白（HSPA1、sCD14）水平的影响。
研究组由15名年龄在15至25岁之间的竞技运动员（5名速滑运动员和10名游泳运动员）组成。对照组包括10名轻度至中度哮喘患者（AC）和7名HC。对运动员在训练期间和非训练期间进行评估，而对哮喘患者和对照者在一个时间点进行评估。在跑步机运动挑战前后收集鼻灌洗液和EBC。使用酶联免疫吸附测定法评估蛋白水平。
运动员EBC中的TNF-α水平显著高于HC，但与哮喘患者相似。相比之下，运动员EBC中的IL-1ra浓度显著低于HC，但同样与哮喘患者相似。在训练期间，运动员EBC中TNF-α的基线浓度与运动挑战后FEV1的下降之间存在显著正相关（R = 0.74，p < 0.01），在哮喘患者中也存在显著正相关（R = 0.64，p < 0.05）。在鼻分泌物中，运动员和哮喘患者的基线IL-1ra水平显著高于HC。运动导致运动员EBC中HSPA1略有但显著增加（p = 0.02）。运动挑战对EBC或鼻分泌物中的TNF-α、IL-1ra、HSPA1和sCD14没有显著影响。
运动员EBC和鼻分泌物中TNF-α/IL-1ra平衡失调可能反映了反复剧烈运动引起的气道炎症的存在。
