Quesnel Kimberly J, Ajami Newsha K, Wyss Noemi
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Room 314, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
ReNUWIt Engineering Research Center, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Room 117, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Environ Manage. 2017 Nov;60(5):867-881. doi: 10.1007/s00267-017-0914-4. Epub 2017 Aug 19.
Modern challenges require new approaches to urban water management. One solution in the portfolio of potential strategies is the integration of distributed water infrastructure, practices, and technologies into existing systems. However, many practical barriers have prevented the widespread adoption of these systems in the US. The objective of this paper is to address these challenges by developing a conceptual model encompassing regulatory, financial, and governance components that can be used to incorporate new distributed water solutions into our current network. To construct the model, case studies of successfully implemented distributed electricity systems, specifically energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies, were examined to determine how these solutions have become prominent in recent years and what lessons can be applied to the water sector in a similar pursuit. The proposed model includes four action-oriented elements: catalyzing change, establishing funding sources, using resource pathways, and creating innovative governance structures. As illustrated in the model, the water sector should use suite of coordinated policies to promote change, engage end users through fiscal incentives, and encourage research, development and dissemination of new technologies over time.
现代挑战需要新的城市水资源管理方法。潜在策略组合中的一个解决方案是将分布式水基础设施、实践和技术整合到现有系统中。然而，许多实际障碍阻碍了这些系统在美国的广泛采用。本文的目的是通过开发一个包含监管、金融和治理组件的概念模型来应对这些挑战，该模型可用于将新的分布式水解决方案纳入我们当前的网络。为了构建该模型，研究了成功实施的分布式电力系统的案例，特别是能源效率和可再生能源技术，以确定这些解决方案近年来如何变得突出，以及在类似的追求中哪些经验教训可以应用于水行业。所提出的模型包括四个面向行动的要素：催化变革、建立资金来源、利用资源路径和创建创新治理结构。如图模型所示，水行业应使用一套协调一致的政策来促进变革，通过财政激励措施吸引终端用户，并随着时间的推移鼓励新技术的研究、开发和传播。
