University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
Water Res. 2017 Nov 1;124:654-662. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.018. Epub 2017 Aug 8.
The treated effluent from sewage treatment plants (STP) is a major source of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that enter the aquatic environment. Bioaccumulation of 11 selected psychoactive pharmaceuticals (citalopram, clomipramine, haloperidol, hydroxyzine, levomepromazine, mianserin, mirtazapine, paroxetine, sertraline, tramadol and venlafaxine) was examined in Zivny Stream (tributary of the Blanice River, the Czech Republic), which is a small stream highly affected by effluent from the Prachatice STP. Six of the 11 pharmaceuticals were detected in grab water samples and in passive samplers. All pharmaceuticals were found in fish exposed to the stream for a defined time. The organs with highest presence of the selected pharmaceuticals were the liver and kidney; whereas only one pharmaceutical (sertraline) was detected in the brain of exposed fish. Fish plasma and muscle samples were not adequate in revealing exposure because the number of hits was much lower than that in the liver or kidney. Using the criterion of a bioaccumulation factor (BAF) ≥ 500, citalopram, mianserin, mirtazapine and sertraline could be classified as potential bioaccumulative compounds. In combination, data from integrative passive samplers and fish liver or kidney tissue samples were complimentary in detection of target compounds and simultaneously helped to distinguish between bioconcentration and bioaccumulation.
污水处理厂（STP）处理后的废水是进入水生环境的活性药物成分（APIs）的主要来源。在兹维尼河（布兰尼采河的支流，捷克共和国）中研究了 11 种选定的精神药物（西酞普兰、氯米帕明、氟哌啶醇、羟嗪、左美丙嗪、米氮平、米那普仑、帕罗西汀、舍曲林、曲马多和文拉法辛）的生物累积情况，这条小河受到普拉哈奇采 STP 废水的高度影响。在现场水样和被动采样器中检测到 11 种药物中的 6 种。所有药物都在暴露于溪流中规定时间的鱼类中发现。选定药物存在的器官主要是肝脏和肾脏；而暴露于鱼类的大脑中仅检测到一种药物（舍曲林）。鱼血浆和肌肉样本不足以揭示暴露情况，因为命中次数比肝脏或肾脏少得多。使用生物蓄积因子（BAF）≥500 的标准，西酞普兰、米氮平、米那普仑和舍曲林可被归类为潜在的生物蓄积性化合物。综合被动采样器和鱼类肝脏或肾脏组织样本的数据在检测目标化合物方面具有互补性，同时有助于区分生物浓缩和生物累积。
