Du Bowen, Haddad Samuel P, Luek Andreas, Scott W Casan, Saari Gavin N, Kristofco Lauren A, Connors Kristin A, Rash Christopher, Rasmussen Joseph B, Chambliss C Kevin, Brooks Bryan W
Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA The Institute of Ecological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2014 Nov 19;369(1656). doi: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0058.
Though pharmaceuticals are increasingly observed in a variety of organisms from coastal and inland aquatic systems, trophic transfer of pharmaceuticals in aquatic food webs have not been reported. In this study, bioaccumulation of select pharmaceuticals was investigated in a lower order effluent-dependent stream in central Texas, USA, using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS). A fish plasma model, initially developed from laboratory studies, was tested to examine observed versus predicted internal dose of select pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals accumulated to higher concentrations in invertebrates relative to fish; elevated concentrations of the antidepressant sertraline and its primary metabolite desmethylsertraline were observed in the Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, and two unionid mussel species. Trophic positions were determined from stable isotopes (δ(15)N and δ(13)C) collected by isotope ratio-MS; a Bayesian mixing model was then used to estimate diet contributions towards top fish predators. Because diphenhydramine and carbamazepine were the only target compounds detected in all species examined, trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were derived to evaluate potential trophic transfer of both compounds. TMFs for diphenhydramine (0.38) and carbamazepine (1.17) indicated neither compound experienced trophic magnification, which suggests that inhalational and not dietary exposure represented the primary route of uptake by fish in this effluent-dependent stream.
尽管在沿海和内陆水生系统的各种生物中越来越多地观察到药物的存在，但尚未有关于药物在水生食物网中的营养级传递的报道。在本研究中，利用同位素稀释液相色谱-串联质谱法（MS），对美国得克萨斯州中部一条依赖低阶废水的溪流中选定药物的生物累积情况进行了调查。最初从实验室研究中建立的鱼类血浆模型，经过测试以检验选定药物的观察到的内部剂量与预测的内部剂量。相对于鱼类，无脊椎动物体内的药物积累到更高的浓度；在亚洲蛤蚌（Corbicula fluminea）和两种珠蚌科贻贝中观察到抗抑郁药舍曲林及其主要代谢物去甲基舍曲林的浓度升高。营养级由同位素比率质谱法收集的稳定同位素（δ(15)N和δ(13)C）确定；然后使用贝叶斯混合模型来估计顶级鱼类捕食者的食物贡献。由于苯海拉明和卡马西平是在所检查的所有物种中检测到的仅有的目标化合物，因此得出营养级放大因子（TMFs）以评估这两种化合物的潜在营养级传递。苯海拉明（0.38）和卡马西平（1.17）的营养级放大因子表明这两种化合物都没有经历营养级放大，这表明在这条依赖废水的溪流中，鱼类的主要摄取途径是吸入而非饮食暴露。
