Turner Robert, De Haan Daniel
Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
Translational Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Prog Brain Res. 2017;233:179-220. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.05.005. Epub 2017 Jun 23.
The volume of published research at the levels of systems and cellular neuroscience continues to increase at an accelerating rate. At the same time, progress in psychiatric medicine has stagnated and scientific confidence in cognitive psychology research is under threat due to careless analysis methods and underpowered experiments. With the advent of ultra-high field MRI, with submillimeter image voxels, imaging neuroscience holds the potential to bridge the cellular and systems levels. Use of these accurate and precisely localized quantitative measures of brain activity may go far in providing more secure foundations for psychology, and hence for more appropriate treatment and management of psychiatric illness. However, fundamental issues regarding the construction of testable mechanistic models using imaging data require careful consideration. This chapter summarizes the characteristics of acceptable models of brain function and provides concise descriptions of the relevant types of neuroimaging data that have recently become available. Approaches to data-driven experiments and analyses are described that may lead to more realistic conceptions of the competences of neural assemblages, as they vary across the brain's complex neuroanatomy.
系统神经科学和细胞神经科学层面已发表研究的数量持续加速增长。与此同时，精神医学进展停滞，认知心理学研究因分析方法粗心和实验效能不足，其科学可信度受到威胁。随着具有亚毫米图像体素的超高场磁共振成像的出现，成像神经科学有望弥合细胞和系统层面的差距。使用这些对脑活动的精确且精确定位的定量测量方法，可能在很大程度上为心理学提供更坚实的基础，进而为精神疾病的更恰当治疗和管理提供基础。然而，使用成像数据构建可测试的机制模型的基本问题需要仔细考虑。本章总结了可接受的脑功能模型的特征，并简要描述了最近可用的相关类型的神经成像数据。还描述了数据驱动的实验和分析方法，这些方法可能会带来对神经集合能力更现实的概念，因为它们在大脑复杂的神经解剖结构中各不相同。
