预测作为人类认知神经科学的一项人道主义和务实贡献。
Prediction as a humanitarian and pragmatic contribution from human cognitive neuroscience.
作者信息
Gabrieli John D E, Ghosh Satrajit S, Whitfield-Gabrieli Susan
机构信息
Poitras Center for Affective Disorders Research at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Poitras Center for Affective Disorders Research at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
出版信息
Neuron. 2015 Jan 7;85(1):11-26. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.10.047.
Neuroimaging has greatly enhanced the cognitive neuroscience understanding of the human brain and its variation across individuals (neurodiversity) in both health and disease. Such progress has not yet, however, propelled changes in educational or medical practices that improve people's lives. We review neuroimaging findings in which initial brain measures (neuromarkers) are correlated with or predict future education, learning, and performance in children and adults; criminality; health-related behaviors; and responses to pharmacological or behavioral treatments. Neuromarkers often provide better predictions (neuroprognosis), alone or in combination with other measures, than traditional behavioral measures. With further advances in study designs and analyses, neuromarkers may offer opportunities to personalize educational and clinical practices that lead to better outcomes for people.
神经影像学极大地增进了认知神经科学对人类大脑及其在健康和疾病状态下个体差异（神经多样性）的理解。然而，这一进展尚未推动改善人们生活的教育或医疗实践发生变革。我们回顾了神经影像学研究结果，其中初始脑测量指标（神经标志物）与儿童和成人未来的教育、学习及表现、犯罪行为、健康相关行为以及对药物或行为治疗的反应相关或具有预测作用。神经标志物单独或与其他测量指标相结合，往往比传统行为测量指标能提供更好的预测（神经预后）。随着研究设计和分析的进一步发展，神经标志物可能为个性化教育和临床实践提供机会，从而为人们带来更好的结果。
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