Hammond D J, Croft S L, Hogg J, Gutteridge W E
Acta Trop. 1986 Dec;43(4):367-78.
Our strategy for preventing the transmission of Chagas' disease during blood transfusion is discussed. In addition, the possibility that the Peru, Sonya, Tulahuen and Y strains of Trypanosoma cruzi show varying sensitivities to a series of amphiphilic cationic drugs in vitro at 4 degrees C was investigated using a microscope lysis test. All 21 drugs tested at a concentration of 10(-3) M lysed Sonya bloodstream trypomastigotes, but Peru, Tulahuen and Y strains were affected by 17, 17 and 11 drugs, respectively. All four strains were most sensitive to the acridines; acranil, aminacrine and mepacrine. Although some variation was seen in their responses to certain drugs, no one strain was particularly insensitive to the series as a whole. The effects of gentian violet, maprotiline and mepacrine on the infectivity of Sonya trypomastigotes following incubation at 4 degrees C for 24 h were evaluated. Mepacrine, at a concentration of 2.5 X 10(-4) M greatly decreased the viability of trypomastigotes, while 10(-3) M concentrations of both maprotiline, mepacrine, and gentian violet (at low parasite densities only) apparently abolished all infectivity. Although the compounds we tested did not show a significant improvement over gentian violet, the compound currently used in some blood banks, other existing amphiphilic cationic drugs could be of use in preventing the transmission of Chagas' disease during blood transfusion.
本文讨论了我们在输血过程中预防恰加斯病传播的策略。此外，使用显微镜裂解试验研究了克氏锥虫的秘鲁株、索尼娅株、图拉亨株和Y株在4℃体外对一系列两亲性阳离子药物的敏感性差异。在浓度为10(-3)M时测试的所有21种药物均能裂解索尼娅株血液中的锥鞭毛体，但秘鲁株、图拉亨株和Y株分别受到17种、17种和11种药物的影响。所有四个菌株对吖啶类药物最为敏感，如吖啶黄、氨基吖啶和米帕林。尽管它们对某些药物的反应存在一些差异，但没有一个菌株对整个系列药物特别不敏感。评估了结晶紫、马普替林和米帕林在4℃孵育24小时后对索尼娅锥鞭毛体感染性的影响。浓度为2.5×10(-4)M的米帕林可显著降低锥鞭毛体的活力，而浓度为10(-3)M的马普替林、米帕林和结晶紫（仅在低寄生虫密度下）显然可消除所有感染性。尽管我们测试的化合物与目前一些血库使用的结晶紫相比没有显著改善，但其他现有的两亲性阳离子药物可能有助于预防输血过程中恰加斯病的传播。
