Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Duluth, MN, USA(1).
Department of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2018 Jul;14(7):678-685. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.08.004. Epub 2017 Aug 12.
Professional engagement has importance to the professional of pharmacy, and in particular the growth of student pharmacists. Measurement of this construct would allow investigation of factors that may increase or decrease professional engagement.
To describe the development of the Student Pharmacist Inventory of Professional Engagement (S-PIPE), assess the factor structure and convergent validity, and test for differences in professional engagement based upon demographic and background factors.
Potential items for the S-PIPE were developed iteratively through inductive and deductive item-writing, 2 pilot administrations, expert review of items, and assessment of the content validity index, and cognitive interviews with students. The S-PIPE was administered to a cohort of 164 first year student pharmacists at University of Minnesota, along with items querying types and level of involvement in professional experiences and activities. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted using principal axis factoring extraction and Promax rotation. The number of factors to retain was based upon eigenvalues, examination of the scree plot, and a parallel analysis. Factors of the S-PIPE were compared to self-rated level of involvement and other demographic factors.
Three factors were retained accounting for 70.7% of the variance, and named Belonging (α = 0.942, 9 items), Connectedness (α = 0.864, 3 items), and Meaningful Experience (α = 0.760, 4 items). All 3 factors were significantly correlated to self-rated involvement (r = 0.291 to 0.370). Level of professional engagement differed in this study by gender, and pharmacy work experience.
This study lays the foundation for quantitative research in professional engagement among student pharmacists. Future work is needed to further validate and extend these findings.
专业投入对药学专业人员，尤其是对学生药剂师的成长具有重要意义。对这一结构的衡量将允许调查可能增加或减少专业投入的因素。
描述学生药剂师专业投入量表（S-PIPE）的开发情况，评估其结构和收敛效度，并根据人口统计学和背景因素测试专业投入的差异。
通过归纳和演绎的项目写作、2 次试点管理、对项目的专家审查以及对内容有效性指数的评估，以及与学生的认知访谈，逐步开发 S-PIPE 的潜在项目。S-PIPE 被施测于明尼苏达大学的 164 名一年级学生药剂师，同时还询问了他们参与专业经验和活动的类型和程度。使用主成分因子分析和 Promax 旋转进行探索性因素分析。保留的因素数量基于特征值、考察陡坡图和并行分析。S-PIPE 的因子与自我评估的参与度和其他人口统计学因素进行比较。
保留了 3 个因子，占总方差的 70.7%，分别命名为归属感（α=0.942，9 个项目）、联系感（α=0.864，3 个项目）和有意义的体验（α=0.760，4 个项目）。所有 3 个因子与自我评估的参与度均呈显著相关（r=0.291 至 0.370）。在这项研究中，专业投入的水平因性别和药学工作经验而异。
本研究为学生药剂师专业投入的定量研究奠定了基础。未来需要进一步验证和扩展这些发现。
