Harpe Spencer E, Phipps Lisa B
Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove, IL, USA.
Online Learning Innovation Liaison, Academic Learning Transformation Lab, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
J Pharm Pract. 2020 Feb;33(1):30-37. doi: 10.1177/0897190018775571. Epub 2018 Jun 19.
Pharmacy schools must encourage a culture of inquiry so future pharmacists approach practice in a scholarly fashion.
To develop an instrument measuring intentions to engage in various scholarly activities.
Items representing scholarly activities relevant to pharmacists were developed. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to refine the list and identify underlying factors. Internal consistency was examined using Cronbach's alpha. Results were compared across student characteristics using unpaired tests and 1-way analysis of variance. The initial list of 54 items was reduced to 31 after review and then administered to 381 pharmacy students (337 complete responses; 88% response rate). EFA suggested 3 factors with 4 items being removed due to low factor loadings. The final Potential Involvement in Scholarly Activities (PISA) instrument contained 27 items in 3 domains: research activities (13 items), professional writing (9 items), and practice evaluation/quality improvement (5 items). Cronbach's alphas were ≥0.85 for the total scale and domains. PISA scores were statistically higher for first-year students and those with previous research experience or post-graduate training interests.
Initial development of the PISA instrument suggested a 3-factor structure with acceptable internal consistency in this sample. Continued work is needed to examine the instrument in more diverse samples.
药学院必须营造一种探究文化，以便未来的药剂师以学术的方式对待实践。
开发一种测量参与各种学术活动意愿的工具。
制定了代表与药剂师相关学术活动的项目。使用探索性因素分析（EFA）来完善列表并确定潜在因素。使用克朗巴哈系数检验内部一致性。使用非配对检验和单因素方差分析比较不同学生特征的结果。经过审查，最初的54个项目列表减少到31个，然后对381名药学专业学生进行了调查（337份完整回复；回复率88%）。探索性因素分析表明有3个因素，由于因素负荷低，4个项目被删除。最终的学术活动潜在参与度（PISA）工具包含27个项目，分为3个领域：研究活动（13个项目）、专业写作（9个项目）和实践评估/质量改进（5个项目）。总量表和各领域的克朗巴哈系数均≥0.85。一年级学生以及有过研究经验或有研究生培训兴趣的学生的PISA分数在统计学上更高。
PISA工具的初步开发表明，在该样本中存在具有可接受内部一致性的三因素结构。需要继续开展工作，在更多样化的样本中检验该工具。
