Klussmann Andre, Liebers Falk, Brandstädt Felix, Schust Marianne, Serafin Patrick, Schäfer Andreas, Gebhardt Hansjürgen, Hartmann Bernd, Steinberg Ulf
Institute of Occupational Health, Safety and Ergonomics (ASER), Wuppertal, Germany.
University of Wuppertal, School of Mechanical Engineering and Safety Engineering, Chair of Human Engineering, Wuppertal, Germany.
BMJ Open. 2017 Aug 21;7(8):e015412. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015412.
The impact of work-related musculoskeletal disorders is considerable. The assessment of work tasks with physical workloads is crucial to estimate the work-related health risks of exposed employees. Three key indicator methods are available for risk assessment regarding manual lifting, holding and carrying of loads; manual pulling and pushing of loads; and manual handling operations. Three further KIMs for risk assessment regarding whole-body forces, awkward body postures and body movement have been developed de novo. In addition, the development of a newly drafted combined method for mixed exposures is planned. All methods will be validated regarding face validity, reliability, convergent validity, criterion validity and further aspects of utility under practical conditions.
As part of the joint project MEGAPHYS (multilevel risk assessment of physical workloads), a mixed-methods study is being designed for the validation of KIMs and conducted in companies of different sizes and branches in Germany. Workplaces are documented and analysed by observations, applying KIMs, interviews and assessment of environmental conditions. Furthermore, a survey among the employees at the respective workplaces takes place with standardised questionnaires, interviews and physical examinations. It is intended to include 1200 employees at 120 different workplaces. For analysis of the quality criteria, recommendations of the COSMIN checklist (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) will be taken into account.
The study was planned and conducted in accordance with the German Medical Professional Code and the Declaration of Helsinki as well as the German Federal Data Protection Act. The design of the study was approved by ethics committees. We intend to publish the validated KIMs in 2018. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at international meetings and disseminated to actual users for practical application.
与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病影响重大。对具有体力负荷的工作任务进行评估，对于估计接触此类工作的员工所面临的与工作相关的健康风险至关重要。有三种关键指标方法可用于评估手动搬运、握持和承载负荷；手动推拉负荷；以及手动操作。另外还全新开发了三种用于评估全身受力、身体姿势笨拙和身体运动的关键指标方法（KIMs）。此外，还计划开发一种新起草的用于混合暴露的综合方法。所有方法都将在实际条件下就表面效度、可靠性、收敛效度、标准效度及其他效用方面进行验证。
作为“MEGAPHYS（体力负荷的多层次风险评估）”联合项目的一部分，正在设计一项混合方法研究，用于验证关键指标方法，并在德国不同规模和行业的公司中开展。通过观察、应用关键指标方法、访谈以及环境条件评估，对工作场所进行记录和分析。此外，还会在各个工作场所对员工进行标准化问卷调查、访谈和体格检查。计划纳入120个不同工作场所的1200名员工。在分析质量标准时，将考虑COSMIN清单（基于共识的健康测量工具选择标准）的建议。
本研究按照德国医学职业规范、《赫尔辛基宣言》以及德国联邦数据保护法进行规划和实施。研究设计已获伦理委员会批准。我们计划在2018年发表经过验证的关键指标方法。研究结果将发表在同行评审期刊上，在国际会议上展示，并传播给实际用户以供实际应用。
