Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Sep;24(27):21574-21590. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9948-7. Epub 2017 Aug 22.
Among the various abiotic stresses, low temperature is one of the major environmental constraints that limit the plant development and crop productivity. Plants are able to adapt to low-temperature stress through the changes in membrane composition and activation of reactive oxygen scavenging systems. The genetic pathway induced due to temperature downshift is based on C-repeat-binding factors (CBF) which activate promoters through the C-repeat (CRT) cis-element. Calcium entry is a major signalling event occurring immediately after a downshift in temperature. The increase in the level of cytosolic calcium activates many enzymes, such as phospholipases and calcium dependent-protein kinases. MAP-kinase module has been shown to be involved in the cold response. Ultimately, the activation of these signalling pathways leads to changes in the transcriptome. Several phytohormones, such as abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, auxin, salicylic acid, gibberellic acid, cytokinins and jasmonic acid, have been shown to play key roles in regulating the plant development under low-temperature stress. These phytohormones modulate important events involved in tolerance to low-temperature stress in plants. Better understanding of these events and genes controlling these could open new strategies for improving tolerance mediated by phytohormones.
在各种非生物胁迫中，低温是限制植物发育和作物生产力的主要环境限制因素之一。植物能够通过改变膜组成和激活活性氧清除系统来适应低温胁迫。由于温度下降而诱导的遗传途径基于 C-重复结合因子 (CBF)，它们通过 C-重复 (CRT) 顺式元件激活启动子。钙离子进入是温度下降后立即发生的主要信号事件。细胞质钙离子水平的增加激活了许多酶，如磷脂酶和钙依赖性蛋白激酶。MAP-激酶模块已被证明参与冷响应。最终，这些信号通路的激活导致转录组的变化。几种植物激素，如脱落酸、油菜素内酯、生长素、水杨酸、赤霉素、细胞分裂素和茉莉酸，已被证明在调节植物在低温胁迫下的发育中发挥关键作用。这些植物激素调节植物耐受低温胁迫的重要事件。更好地了解这些事件和控制这些事件的基因，可以为通过植物激素介导的耐受性提高开辟新的策略。
