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巴西圣保罗州初级保健评估:性健康和生殖健康方面的初步行动。

Assessment in the primary care of the State of São Paulo, Brazil: incipient actions in sexual and reproductive health.

作者信息

Nasser Mariana Arantes, Nemes Maria Ines Battistella, Andrade Marta Campagnoni, Prado Rogério Ruscitto do, Castanheira Elen Rose Lodeiro

机构信息

Centro de Saúde Escola Professor Samuel Barnsley Pessoa. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Departamento de Medicina Preventiva. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

出版信息

Rev Saude Publica. 2017 Aug 17;51:77. doi: 10.11606/S1518-8787.2017051006711.

DOI:10.11606/S1518-8787.2017051006711
PMID:28832755
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5559219/
Abstract

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to assess performance in sexual and reproductive health of primary health care services of the Brazilian Unified Health System, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil.

METHODS

An evaluative framework was built for sexual and reproductive health with the categorization of 99 indicators in three domains: sexual and reproductive health promotion (25), sexually transmitted infections/AIDS prevention and care (43), and reproductive health care (31). This framework was applied to assess the services responses to the questionnaire of Quality Evaluation of Primary Health Care in the Municipalities of São Paulo State (QualiAB), in 2010. Percentages were calculated for positive responses to indicators and performance in the sexual and reproductive health dimension, according to domains, and their contribution to the overall score in sexual and reproductive health (Friedman), relative participation (Dunn), and correlation (Spearman) was verified.

RESULTS

Overall, 2,735 services participated in the study. They were located in 586 municipalities (distributed throughout the 17 regional health departments of São Paulo), of which 70.6% had fewer than 100,000 inhabitants. The overall average performance of these services for sexual and reproductive health is 56.8%. The actions are characterized by: prenatal with adequate beginning and exams, better organization for immediate rather than for late postnatal care, and selective reproductive planning for some contraceptives; prevention based on specific protection, limitations in the prevention of congenital syphilis, in the treatment of sexually transmitted infections, and in the screening of cervical and breast cancer; specific educational activities, with a restricted vulnerability approach, focus on sexuality over reproduction. The domain of reproductive health has greater participation in the overall score, followed by prevention/care and promotion. The three domains are correlated; the domain of prevention/care has the highest correlation with the other ones.

CONCLUSIONS

The implementation of sexual and reproductive health in primary health care in the services studied is incipient. The revision of the purpose of the work, the dissemination of technologies, and the investing in permanent education are needed. The evaluative framework built can be used by the sexual and reproductive health program services and management in primary health care, thereby contributing to their actions.

OBJETIVO

Avaliar o desempenho em saúde sexual e reprodutiva de serviços de atenção primária à saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde, no estado de São Paulo.

MÉTODOS: Construiu-se quadro avaliativo para a saúde sexual e reprodutiva com a categorização de 99 indicadores em três domínios: promoção à saúde sexual e reprodutiva (25), prevenção e assistência às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis/aids (43), e atenção à saúde reprodutiva (31). Esse quadro foi aplicado para avaliar as respostas dos serviços ao questionário Avaliação da Qualidade da Atenção Básica em Municípios de São Paulo (QualiAB), em 2010. Calcularam-se as porcentagens de respostas positivas aos indicadores e o desempenho na dimensão saúde sexual e reprodutiva, segundo os domínios; e verificou-se sua contribuição para o escore geral em saúde sexual e reprodutiva (Friedman), participação relativa (Dunn) e correlação (Spearman).

RESULTADOS

Participaram 2.735 serviços, localizados em 586 municípios (distribuídos nos 17 departamentos regionais de saúde paulistas), dos quais 70,6% municípios com menos de 100.000 habitantes. A média geral do desempenho desses serviços para saúde sexual e reprodutiva é 56,8%. As ações são caracterizadas por: pré-natal com início e exames adequados, melhor organização para puerpério imediato do que tardio, e planejamento reprodutivo seletivo para alguns contraceptivos; prevenção baseada em proteção específica, limites na prevenção da sífilis congênita, no tratamento de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, no rastreamento do câncer cervical e mamário; atividades educativas pontuais, com restrita abordagem das vulnerabilidades, predomínio do enfoque da sexualidade centrado na reprodução. O domínio saúde reprodutiva tem maior participação no escore geral, seguido de prevenção/assistência e promoção. Os três domínios estão correlacionados; o domínio prevenção/assistência apresenta as maiores correlações com os demais.

CONCLUSÕES: A implementação da saúde sexual e reprodutiva na atenção primária à saúde nos serviços estudados é incipiente. É necessário rever finalidades do trabalho, disseminar tecnologias e investir em educação permanente. O quadro avaliativo construído pode ser utilizado pelos serviços e pela gestão do programa de saúde sexual e reprodutiva na atenção primária à saúde e contribuir para suas ações.

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e36b/5559219/7b0c2cceb1b1/0034-8910-rsp-S1518-51-87872017051006711-gf02.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e36b/5559219/a186920f38a3/0034-8910-rsp-S1518-51-87872017051006711-gf01.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e36b/5559219/7b0c2cceb1b1/0034-8910-rsp-S1518-51-87872017051006711-gf02.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e36b/5559219/a186920f38a3/0034-8910-rsp-S1518-51-87872017051006711-gf01.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e36b/5559219/7b0c2cceb1b1/0034-8910-rsp-S1518-51-87872017051006711-gf02.jpg
摘要

目的

本研究旨在评估巴西圣保罗州巴西统一卫生系统初级卫生保健服务在性与生殖健康方面的表现。

方法

构建了一个性与生殖健康评估框架,将99项指标分为三个领域:性与生殖健康促进(25项)、性传播感染/艾滋病预防与护理(43项)以及生殖健康护理(31项)。该框架用于评估2010年圣保罗州各市初级卫生保健质量评估问卷(QualiAB)中各项服务的回复情况。计算了各领域指标的阳性回复百分比以及性与生殖健康维度的表现,并验证了它们对性与生殖健康总体得分(弗里德曼检验)、相对参与度(邓恩检验)和相关性(斯皮尔曼检验)的贡献。

结果

总体而言,有2735项服务参与了研究。它们分布在586个市(分布于圣保罗的17个区域卫生部门),其中70.6%的市人口少于10万。这些服务在性与生殖健康方面的总体平均表现为56.8%。其行动特点包括:产前开始时间和检查适当,产后即时护理的组织优于晚期护理,以及对某些避孕药具进行选择性生殖规划;基于特定保护的预防措施,先天性梅毒预防、性传播感染治疗以及宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查存在局限性;开展特定的教育活动,采用有限的脆弱性方法,将重点放在性而非生殖方面。生殖健康领域在总体得分中的参与度更高,其次是预防/护理和促进领域。这三个领域相互关联;预防/护理领域与其他领域的相关性最高。

结论

在所研究的服务中,初级卫生保健中性与生殖健康的实施尚处于起步阶段。需要修订工作目标、推广技术并投资于继续教育。所构建的评估框架可供初级卫生保健中的性与生殖健康项目服务和管理使用,从而为其行动提供帮助。

目标

评估圣保罗州巴西统一卫生系统初级卫生保健服务在性与生殖健康方面的表现。

方法

构建了一个性与生殖健康评估框架,将99项指标分为三个领域:性与生殖健康促进(25项)、性传播感染/艾滋病预防与护理(43项)以及生殖健康护理(31项)。该框架用于评估2010年圣保罗州各市初级卫生保健质量评估问卷(QualiAB)中各项服务的回复情况。计算了各领域指标的阳性回复百分比以及性与生殖健康维度的表现,并验证了它们对性与生殖健康总体得分(弗里德曼检验)、相对参与度(邓恩检验)和相关性(斯皮尔曼检验)的贡献。

结果

共有2735项服务参与了研究。它们分布在586个市(分布于圣保罗的17个区域卫生部门),其中70.6%的市人口少于10万。这些服务在性与生殖健康方面的总体平均表现为56.8%。其行动特点包括:产前开始时间和检查适当,产后即时护理的组织优于晚期护理,以及对某些避孕药具进行选择性生殖规划;基于特定保护的预防措施,先天性梅毒预防、性传播感染治疗以及宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查存在局限性;开展特定的教育活动,采用有限的脆弱性方法,将重点放在性而非生殖方面。生殖健康领域在总体得分中的参与度更高,其次是预防/护理和促进领域。这三个领域相互关联;预防/护理领域与其他领域的相关性最高。

结论

在所研究的服务中,初级卫生保健中性与生殖健康的实施尚处于起步阶段。需要修订工作目标、推广技术并投资于继续教育。所构建的评估框架可供初级卫生保健中的性与生殖健康项目服务和管理使用,从而为其行动提供帮助。

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