Magliano A, Scaramozzino P, Ravagnan S, Montarsi F, DA Rold G, Cincinelli G, Moni A, Silvestri P, Carvelli A, DE Liberato C
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Rome, Italy.
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Rome, Italy.
Med Vet Entomol. 2018 Mar;32(1):70-77. doi: 10.1111/mve.12260. Epub 2017 Aug 22.
Indoor and outdoor winter activity of Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in central Italy was investigated in order to evaluate whether indoor activity might account for the overwintering of bluetongue virus, as has been hypothesized by some authors. Weekly Culicoides collections were performed at three farms over three consecutive winter seasons. At each farm, two black-light traps were operated simultaneously, indoors and outdoors. Culicoides were identified using both morphological and molecular means. The Culicoides obsoletus group accounted for 98.2% of sampled specimens. Within this group, C. obsoletus s.s. accounted for 56.8% and Culicoides scoticus for 43.2% of samples. Nulliparous, parous and engorged females were caught throughout the entire winter, both indoors and outdoors. At times, indoor catch sizes outnumbered outdoor collections. A significant inverse correlation was found between minimum temperature and the proportion of indoor Culicoides of the total midge catch, thus indicating that lower outdoor temperatures drive Culicoides midges indoors. High rates of engorged females were recorded indoors, possibly as the result of the propensity of C. obsoletus females to feed indoors. Higher proportions of parous females were found in indoor than in outdoor catches, indicating higher survival rates indoors and, consequently, higher vectorial capacities of midges sheltering indoors compared with those remaining outdoors.
为了评估室内活动是否可能如一些作者所假设的那样，成为蓝舌病毒越冬的原因，对意大利中部库蠓属（双翅目：蠓科）的室内和室外冬季活动进行了调查。在连续三个冬季，于三个农场每周进行库蠓采集。在每个农场，同时在室内和室外操作两个黑光诱捕器。使用形态学和分子手段对库蠓进行鉴定。过时库蠓组占采样标本的98.2%。在该组中，狭义过时库蠓占样本的56.8%，苏格兰库蠓占43.2%。在整个冬季，室内和室外均捕获了未产卵、已产卵和饱腹的雌蠓。有时，室内捕获量超过室外采集量。发现最低温度与室内库蠓占蠓总捕获量的比例之间存在显著负相关，这表明较低的室外温度促使库蠓进入室内。室内记录到高比例的饱腹雌蠓，这可能是由于狭义过时库蠓雌蠓有在室内取食的倾向。室内已产卵雌蠓的比例高于室外捕获量，这表明室内生存率更高，因此，与留在室外的蠓相比，在室内栖息的蠓具有更高的传病能力。
