Meran Laween, Baulies Anna, Li Vivian S W
The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
Stem Cells Int. 2017;2017:7970385. doi: 10.1155/2017/7970385. Epub 2017 Aug 1.
The intestinal epithelium comprises a monolayer of polarised columnar cells organised along the crypt-villus axis. Intestinal stem cells reside at the base of crypts and are constantly nourished by their surrounding niche for maintenance, self-renewal, and differentiation. The cellular microenvironment including the adjacent Paneth cells, stromal cells, smooth muscle cells, and neural cells as well as the extracellular matrix together constitute the intestinal stem cell niche. A dynamic regulatory network exists among the epithelium, stromal cells, and the matrix via complex signal transduction to maintain tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of these biological or mechanical signals could potentially lead to intestinal injury and disease. In this review, we discuss the role of different intestinal stem cell niche components and dissect the interaction between dynamic matrix factors and regulatory signalling during intestinal stem cell homeostasis.
肠上皮由沿隐窝-绒毛轴排列的单层极化柱状细胞组成。肠干细胞位于隐窝底部，不断受到周围生态位的滋养以维持、自我更新和分化。包括相邻的潘氏细胞、基质细胞、平滑肌细胞和神经细胞以及细胞外基质在内的细胞微环境共同构成了肠干细胞生态位。上皮细胞、基质细胞和基质之间通过复杂的信号转导存在动态调节网络，以维持组织稳态。这些生物或机械信号的失调可能会导致肠道损伤和疾病。在本综述中，我们讨论了不同肠干细胞生态位成分的作用，并剖析了肠干细胞稳态过程中动态基质因子与调节信号之间的相互作用。
