Cabral Thiago, Mello Luiz Guilherme M, Lima Luiz H, Polido Júlia, Regatieri Caio V, Belfort Rubens, Mahajan Vinit B
Edward S Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY USA.
Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Int J Retina Vitreous. 2017 Aug 21;3:31. doi: 10.1186/s40942-017-0084-9. eCollection 2017.
Retinal and choroidal neovascularization are a major cause of significant visual impairment, worldwide. Understanding the various factors involved in the accompanying physiopathology is vital for development of novel treatments, and most important, for preserving patient vision. The intraocular use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapeutics has improved management of the retinal and choroidal neovascularization but some patients do not respond, suggesting other vascular mediators may also contribute to ocular angiogenesis. Several recent studies examined possible new targets for future anti-angiogenic therapies. Potential targets of retinal and choroidal neovascularization therapy include members of the platelet-derived growth factor family, vascular endothelial growth factor sub-family, epidermal growth factor family, fibroblast growth factor family, transforming growth factor-β superfamily (TGF-β1, activins, follistatin and bone morphogenetic proteins), angiopoietin-like family, galectins family, integrin superfamily, as well as pigment epithelium derived factor, hepatocyte growth factor, angiopoietins, endothelins, hypoxia-inducible factors, insulin-like growth factors, cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors and glycosylation proteins. This review highlights current antiangiogenic therapies under development, and discusses future retinal and choroidal pro- and anti-angiogenic targets as wells as the importance of developing of new drugs.
视网膜和脉络膜新生血管形成是全球范围内导致严重视力损害的主要原因。了解伴随的病理生理学中涉及的各种因素对于开发新的治疗方法至关重要，而最重要的是，对于保护患者视力而言。眼内使用抗血管内皮生长因子疗法改善了视网膜和脉络膜新生血管形成的治疗，但一些患者没有反应，这表明其他血管介质也可能促成眼部血管生成。最近的几项研究探讨了未来抗血管生成疗法可能的新靶点。视网膜和脉络膜新生血管形成治疗的潜在靶点包括血小板衍生生长因子家族、血管内皮生长因子亚家族、表皮生长因子家族、成纤维细胞生长因子家族、转化生长因子-β超家族（TGF-β1、激活素、卵泡抑素和骨形态发生蛋白）、血管生成素样家族、半乳糖凝集素家族、整合素超家族，以及色素上皮衍生因子、肝细胞生长因子、血管生成素、内皮素、缺氧诱导因子、胰岛素样生长因子、细胞因子、基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂和糖基化蛋白。本综述重点介绍了正在开发的当前抗血管生成疗法，并讨论了未来视网膜和脉络膜促血管生成和抗血管生成靶点以及开发新药的重要性。
