School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, 3815 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
Soc Sci Med. 2017 Oct;190:29-37. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.08.014. Epub 2017 Aug 16.
Hurricane Ike, the third costliest hurricane in US history, made landfall in the Galveston Bay Area in September, 2008. Existing literature postulates that maladaptive behavior such as increased alcohol use is often exhibited by disaster survivors in coping with both disaster-related traumatic events and post-disaster stressful events. In addition, it has also been postulated that survivors' perceptions of social cohesion and social control can potentially serve to moderate such behavior. The purpose of this paper is to study such hypotheses for Hurricane Ike. In particular, we investigate the following four hypotheses: (H1) There is an increase of alcohol use by survivors of Hurricane Ike in the Galveston Bay Area; (H2) There are positive associations between both Ike-related trauma and post-Ike stress events and the increase in alcohol use; (H3) There are negative associations between both perceived social cohesion and social control and the increase in alcohol use following Ike; and finally that (H4) perceived social cohesion and social control serve to moderate the associations between both Ike-related trauma and post-Ike stress events and increased alcohol use after Ike. Using public use survey-weighted data from the Galveston Bay Recovery Study (GBRS) of Ike survivors (N = 658), we tested these hypotheses using logistic regressions controlling for other key socioeconomic variables. Our results confirm H1 and H2. Hypotheses H3 and H4 are partially confirmed with respect to social control, but show that (i) there is a positive association between perceived social cohesion and the increase in alcohol use following Ike, and that (ii) while perceived social cohesion and social control do moderate the association between post-Ike stress events and increased alcohol use, they have no effect on the association between Ike-related trauma and increased alcohol use.
飓风“艾克”是美国历史上造成损失第三大的飓风，于 2008 年 9 月在加尔维斯顿湾登陆。现有文献推测，灾难幸存者在应对与灾难相关的创伤事件和灾后应激事件时，往往会表现出适应不良的行为，如增加酒精使用。此外，还有人推测，幸存者对社会凝聚力和社会控制的看法可能有助于调节这种行为。本文旨在研究飓风“艾克”的这些假设。特别是，我们调查了以下四个假设：（H1）加尔维斯顿湾地区的“艾克”飓风幸存者饮酒量增加；（H2）与“艾克”相关的创伤和“艾克”后应激事件与饮酒量增加之间存在正相关；（H3）与“艾克”相关的创伤和“艾克”后应激事件与饮酒量增加之间存在负相关；（H4）感知到的社会凝聚力和社会控制在“艾克”后创伤和应激事件与饮酒量增加之间的关联中起调节作用。我们利用来自“艾克”幸存者加尔维斯顿湾恢复研究（GBRS）的公共使用调查加权数据（N=658），使用逻辑回归控制其他关键社会经济变量来检验这些假设。我们的结果证实了 H1 和 H2。假设 H3 和 H4 部分得到了社会控制的证实，但表明（i）与“艾克”后饮酒量增加之间存在正相关，（ii）尽管感知到的社会凝聚力和社会控制可以调节“艾克”后应激事件与饮酒量增加之间的关联，但它们对与“艾克”相关的创伤与饮酒量增加之间的关联没有影响。
