Chen Liuxi, Zhou Yuxia, Sun Qiuhua, Zhou Jichun, Pan Hongming, Sui Xinbing
Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Shandong Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Ji Nan, Shandong, China.
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2017;334:1-26. doi: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.03.003. Epub 2017 Jun 16.
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process for the degradation and recycling of cytosolic components or organelles through a lysosome-dependent pathway. Autophagy can be induced in response to multiple stress conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, energy depletion, etc. As a result, autophagy can regulate many biological processes, including cell survival, metabolism, differentiation, senescence, and cell death. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are small noncoding molecules that regulate gene expression by silencing mRNA targets. MiRNA dysregulation exhibits great regulatory potential during organismal development, hematopoiesis, immunity, cell proliferation and death, and autophagy. Recently, increasing studies have linked MiRNAs to autophagic regulation during cancer initiation and development. Although the relationship between MiRNAs and autophagy is quite complicated and has not been well elucidated, MiRNAs may underlie key aspects of autophagy and cancer biology. Increasing evidence shows that MiRNAs play important roles as both oncogenic MiRNAs and tumor suppressive MiRNAs in cancer initiation and development. Thus, understanding the novel relationship between MiRNAs and autophagy may allow us to develop promising cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
自噬是一种保守的分解代谢过程，通过依赖溶酶体的途径对胞质成分或细胞器进行降解和再循环。自噬可在多种应激条件下被诱导，如营养剥夺、缺氧、能量耗竭等。因此，自噬可调节许多生物学过程，包括细胞存活、代谢、分化、衰老和细胞死亡。微小RNA（miRNA）是一类小的非编码分子，通过使mRNA靶标沉默来调节基因表达。miRNA失调在生物体发育、造血、免疫、细胞增殖与死亡以及自噬过程中表现出巨大的调节潜力。最近，越来越多的研究将miRNA与癌症发生和发展过程中的自噬调节联系起来。尽管miRNA与自噬之间的关系相当复杂且尚未完全阐明，但miRNA可能是自噬和癌症生物学关键方面的基础。越来越多的证据表明，miRNA在癌症发生和发展过程中作为致癌miRNA和肿瘤抑制miRNA都发挥着重要作用。因此，了解miRNA与自噬之间的新关系可能使我们能够开发出有前景的癌症生物标志物和治疗靶点。
