Wiradhany Wisnu, Nieuwenstein Mark R
Department of Experimental Psychology, Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Grote Kruistraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2017 Nov;79(8):2620-2641. doi: 10.3758/s13414-017-1408-4.
Ophir, Nass, and Wagner (2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(37), 15583-15587) found that people with high scores on the media-use questionnaire-a questionnaire that measures the proportion of media-usage time during which one uses more than one medium at the same time-show impaired performance on various tests of distractor filtering. Subsequent studies, however, did not all show this association between media multitasking and distractibility, thus casting doubt on the reliability of the initial findings. Here, we report the results of two replication studies and a meta-analysis that included the results from all published studies into the relationship between distractor filtering and media multitasking. Our replication studies included a total of 14 tests that had an average replication power of 0.81. Of these 14 tests, only five yielded a statistically significant effect in the direction of increased distractibility for people with higher scores on the media-use questionnaire, and only two of these effects held in a more conservative Bayesian analysis. Supplementing these outcomes, our meta-analysis on a total of 39 effect sizes yielded a weak but significant association between media multitasking and distractibility that turned nonsignificant after correction for small-study effects. Taken together, these findings lead us to question the existence of an association between media multitasking and distractibility in laboratory tasks of information processing.
奥菲尔、纳斯和瓦格纳（2009年，《美国国家科学院院刊》，106(37)，15583 - 15587）发现，在媒体使用问卷（该问卷测量同时使用多种媒体的媒体使用时间比例）得分高的人，在各种干扰物过滤测试中表现受损。然而，后续研究并非都显示出媒体多任务处理与注意力分散之间的这种关联，因此对最初研究结果的可靠性产生了怀疑。在此，我们报告两项重复研究的结果以及一项荟萃分析，该荟萃分析纳入了所有已发表的关于干扰物过滤与媒体多任务处理关系的研究结果。我们的重复研究总共包括14项测试，平均重复效力为0.81。在这14项测试中，只有5项在媒体使用问卷得分较高的人群中产生了在注意力分散增加方向上具有统计学显著意义的效应，并且在更保守的贝叶斯分析中，这些效应中只有两项成立。作为这些结果的补充，我们对总共39个效应量的荟萃分析得出媒体多任务处理与注意力分散之间存在微弱但显著的关联，在对小研究效应进行校正后该关联变得不显著。综合来看，这些发现使我们质疑在信息处理的实验室任务中媒体多任务处理与注意力分散之间关联的存在。
