Saito Shigeru, Kikuchi Hirosato, Matsuki Akitomo
Department of Anesthesiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.
Abiko-Toho Hospital, 1851-1, Abiko, 270-1166, Japan.
J Anesth Hist. 2017 Jul;3(3):103-106. doi: 10.1016/j.janh.2017.07.002. Epub 2017 Jul 27.
Anesthesia in Japan has a 200-year history, beginning when Seishū Hanaoka first conducted surgery successfully under general anesthesia in 1804. Despite common belief, Hanaoka was not secretive about his technique using Mafutsusan, and he spawned a generation of Japanese anesthetists, including Gendai Kamada, author of several influential texts. Japanese anesthetists adopted inhalational techniques as they became available. In 1954, the Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists was established; in 1960, "Anesthesiology" was accredited by Japanese government as an officially approved medical specialty; and in 1963, board examinations were established to be an instructor of anesthesia. In 2011, the Japanese Museum of Anesthesiology opened in Kobe, with the mission to collect and preserve literature and equipment related to the history of Japanese anesthesia (Figure 1).
日本的麻醉学有200年的历史，始于1804年华冈青洲首次在全身麻醉下成功进行手术。与普遍看法相反，华冈青洲对他使用麻沸散的技术并不保密，他培养了一代日本麻醉师，包括撰写了几本有影响力著作的镰田元大。随着吸入技术的出现，日本麻醉师开始采用这些技术。1954年，日本麻醉医师协会成立；1960年，“麻醉学”被日本政府认可为官方批准的医学专业；1963年，设立了麻醉学教员资格考试。2011年，日本麻醉学博物馆在神户开馆，其使命是收集和保存与日本麻醉学历史相关的文献和设备（图1）。
