Department of Post-Graduate Medical Education, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, Canada.
Paediatric Outcomes Research Team, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, Canada; The Applied Health Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
Acad Pediatr. 2018 May-Jun;18(4):445-451. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2017.08.006. Epub 2017 Aug 24.
Outdoor free play is important for preschoolers' physical activity, health, and development. Certain temperamental characteristics are associated with obesity, nutrition, and sedentary behaviors in preschoolers, but the relationship between temperament and outdoor play has not been examined. This study examined whether there is an association between temperament and outdoor play in young children.
Healthy children aged 1 to 5 years recruited to The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!), a community-based primary care research network, from July 2008 to September 2013 were included. Parent-reported child temperament was assessed using the Childhood Behavior Questionnaire. Outdoor free play and other potential confounding variables were assessed through validated questionnaires. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine the association between temperament and outdoor play, adjusted for potential confounders.
There were 3393 children with data on outdoor play. The association between negative affectivity and outdoor play was moderated by sex; in boys, for every 1-point increase in negative affectivity score, mean outdoor play decreased by 4.7 minutes per day. There was no significant association in girls. Surgency was associated with outdoor play; for every 1-point increase in surgency/extraversion, outdoor play increased by 4.6 minutes per day.
Young children's temperamental characteristics were associated with their participation in outdoor free play. Consideration of temperament could enhance interventions and strategies to increase outdoor play in young children. Longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between children's early temperament and physical activity.
户外自由玩耍对学龄前儿童的身体活动、健康和发展很重要。某些气质特征与学龄前儿童的肥胖、营养和久坐行为有关，但气质与户外玩耍之间的关系尚未得到检验。本研究旨在检验儿童气质与户外活动之间是否存在关联。
研究纳入了 2008 年 7 月至 2013 年 9 月期间从基于社区的初级保健研究网络“应用儿童研究组（TARGet Kids！）”招募的健康 1 至 5 岁儿童。采用儿童行为问卷评估家长报告的儿童气质。通过验证过的问卷评估户外自由玩耍和其他潜在的混杂变量。采用多变量线性回归确定气质与户外玩耍之间的关联，并对潜在混杂因素进行调整。
共有 3393 名儿童的数据可用于户外玩耍。负性情绪与户外玩耍之间的关系受到性别的调节；在男孩中，负性情绪得分每增加 1 分，平均户外玩耍时间每天减少 4.7 分钟。在女孩中没有显著关联。活力与户外玩耍有关；活力/外向性每增加 1 分，户外玩耍时间每天增加 4.6 分钟。
幼儿的气质特征与其参与户外自由玩耍有关。考虑气质因素可以增强针对幼儿的干预措施和策略，以增加户外玩耍。需要进行纵向研究来阐明儿童早期气质与身体活动之间的关系。
