Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland.
Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Jun 19;23(1):1179. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16110-y.
Most studies investigating the association of temperament with physical activity and sedentary behavior have examined children or adolescents, employed cross-sectional or longitudinal designs that do not extend from childhood into adulthood, and utilized self- or parent-reported data on physical activity and sedentary behavior. This longitudinal study investigated whether socioemotional behavior in childhood and temperament in middle adulthood predict accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior in late adulthood.
This study was based on the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (JYLS). Socioemotional behavior (behavioral activity, well-controlled behavior, negative emotionality) was assessed at age 8 based on teacher ratings, whereas temperament (surgency, effortful control, negative affectivity, orienting sensitivity) was assessed at age 42 based on self-rating. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed at age 61 using an accelerometer. Data (N = 142) were analyzed using linear regression analysis.
In women, behavioral activity at age 8 predicted higher levels of daily sedentary behavior at age 61. The association did not remain statistically significant after controlling for participant's occupational status. In addition, women's negative affectivity at age 42 predicted lower daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity at age 61, particularly during leisure time. No statistically significant results were observed in men.
Although few weak associations of socioemotional behavior and temperament with physical activity and sedentary behavior were detected in women, they were observed over several decades, and thus, deserve attention in future studies. In addition to other factors contributing to physical activity and sedentary behavior, health professionals may be sensitive to individual characteristics, such as a tendency to experience more negative emotions, when doing health counseling or planning for health-promoting interventions targeting physical activity and sedentary behavior.
大多数研究调查气质与身体活动和久坐行为的关联时，都考察了儿童或青少年，采用了从儿童期延伸到成年期的横断面或纵向设计，以及利用自我或父母报告的身体活动和久坐行为数据。本纵向研究调查了儿童期的社会情绪行为和成年中期的气质是否预测晚年时计步器测量的身体活动和久坐行为。
本研究基于于韦斯屈莱个性与社会发展纵向研究（JYLS）。社会情绪行为（行为活动、自我控制行为、负性情绪）根据教师评定在 8 岁时进行评估，而气质（活力、努力控制、负性情绪、定向敏感性）根据自我评定在 42 岁时进行评估。使用加速度计评估 61 岁时的中度至剧烈身体活动和久坐行为。使用线性回归分析对数据（N=142）进行分析。
在女性中，8 岁时的行为活动预测 61 岁时更高水平的日常久坐行为。在控制参与者的职业状况后，这种关联不再具有统计学意义。此外，女性 42 岁时的负性情绪预测 61 岁时日常中度至剧烈体力活动水平较低，尤其是在闲暇时间。在男性中未观察到统计学上显著的结果。
尽管在女性中检测到社会情绪行为和气质与身体活动和久坐行为的关联很少且较弱，但这些关联跨越了几十年，因此值得在未来的研究中关注。除了对身体活动和久坐行为有贡献的其他因素外，健康专业人员在进行健康咨询或规划针对身体活动和久坐行为的促进健康干预措施时，可能会对个人特征（例如体验更多负面情绪的倾向）敏感。
