Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2018 Apr;20:72-76. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.07.038. Epub 2017 Aug 5.
Young children's helping behaviors emerge and develop through everyday interactions with others. This paper proposes to sidestep the dichotomy between socialization and biological processes in research on early helping: The question is not whether but how others contribute to the development of infant helping. To answer this question, it is necessary to broaden conceptions of how others may contribute to the development of helping beyond explicit teaching and rewards. Recent experimental and observational research indicates that family members scaffold helping from the first year of life and that specific forms of scaffolding influences the development of helping. The roles of others appear to vary with child age and across communities and are responsive to children's social initiatives.
幼儿的助人行为是通过与他人的日常互动而出现和发展的。本文提出要回避早期助人研究中社会化和生物过程之间的二分法：问题不在于他人是否有助于婴儿助人行为的发展，而在于他们是如何做出贡献的。为了回答这个问题，有必要扩大他人对助人行为发展的贡献的概念，超越明确的教学和奖励。最近的实验和观察研究表明，家庭成员从婴儿期就开始帮助他们，并且特定形式的支持会影响助人行为的发展。他人的角色似乎随着儿童年龄的变化以及社区的不同而变化，并对儿童的社会倡议做出反应。
