University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; University of Rochester, Center for Language Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; University of Rochester, Center for Visual Science, 274 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
Curr Biol. 2017 Sep 11;27(17):2684-2691.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.051. Epub 2017 Aug 24.
Prior research using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) [1-4] and behavioral studies of patients with acquired or congenital amusia [5-8] suggest that the right posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) in the human brain is specialized for aspects of music processing (for review, see [9-12]). Intracranial electrical brain stimulation in awake neurosurgery patients is a powerful means to determine the computations supported by specific brain regions and networks [13-21] because it provides reversible causal evidence with high spatial resolution (for review, see [22, 23]). Prior intracranial stimulation or cortical cooling studies have investigated musical abilities related to reading music scores [13, 14] and singing familiar songs [24, 25]. However, individuals with amusia (congenitally, or from a brain injury) have difficulty humming melodies but can be spared for singing familiar songs with familiar lyrics [26]. Here we report a detailed study of a musician with a low-grade tumor in the right temporal lobe. Functional MRI was used pre-operatively to localize music processing to the right STG, and the patient subsequently underwent awake intraoperative mapping using direct electrical stimulation during a melody repetition task. Stimulation of the right STG induced "music arrest" and errors in pitch but did not affect language processing. These findings provide causal evidence for the functional segregation of music and language processing in the human brain and confirm a specific role of the right STG in melody processing. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
先前使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）[1-4]和对后天性或先天性失歌症患者的行为研究[5-8]表明，人类大脑的右侧后上颞叶（STG）专门用于处理音乐的某些方面（综述见[9-12]）。在清醒开颅手术患者中进行颅内电脑刺激是确定特定脑区和网络所支持的计算的有力手段[13-21]，因为它以高空间分辨率提供了可逆的因果证据（综述见[22, 23]）。先前的颅内刺激或皮质冷却研究已经研究了与阅读乐谱[13, 14]和演唱熟悉歌曲[24, 25]相关的音乐能力。然而，失歌症患者（先天性或因脑损伤引起）哼唱旋律有困难，但可以演唱熟悉歌词的熟悉歌曲而不受影响[26]。在这里，我们报告了一名音乐家的详细研究，该音乐家右侧颞叶有低度肿瘤。在术前使用功能磁共振成像定位音乐处理到右侧 STG，随后在旋律重复任务期间使用直接电刺激进行清醒术中映射。刺激右侧 STG 会引起“音乐骤停”和音高错误，但不会影响语言处理。这些发现为人类大脑中音乐和语言处理的功能分离提供了因果证据，并证实了右侧 STG 在旋律处理中的特定作用。视频摘要。
