Memory and Resource Centre (CMRR), Neurology Department, Besançon University Hospital, 25000 Besançon, France; Clinical and integrative neuroscience, Research Laboratory 481, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, 25000 Besançon, France; GREDEV commission (Reflection Group on the Evaluation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) of the Reflection Group on Cognitive Evaluation (GRECO), France.
Consultation multidisciplinaire spécialisée, TDA/H de l'adulte, CHU de Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France.
Rev Neurol (Paris). 2017 Jul-Aug;173(7-8):506-515. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2017.07.008. Epub 2017 Aug 26.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), although considered a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental condition, is nevertheless a frequent and disabling condition in adults. A proportion of such patients are not diagnosed during childhood or adolescence, as diagnosis of the syndrome is rather complex, especially when other psychiatric, neurological or other neurodevelopmental conditions are also associated, yet comorbidities and consequences of ADHD are frequently observed in adults and older populations. As ADHD patients present to memory clinics with attentional and executive disorders, neuropsychological examinations of undiagnosed ADHD patients may reveal atypical cognitive profiles that can complicate the usual diagnostic procedure and increase the risk of delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Thus, explorations of cognitive and/or behavioral disorders in adult populations should systematically screen for this neurodevelopmental condition. Accurate diagnosis could lead to non-pharmaceutical and/or pharmaceutical treatments to improve symptoms and quality of life for adult ADHD patients.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD），尽管被认为是一种儿童期起病的神经发育障碍，但在成年人中也是一种常见且致残的疾病。此类患者中有一部分在儿童期或青少年期未被诊断出，因为该综合征的诊断相当复杂，尤其是当其他精神科、神经科或其他神经发育障碍也同时存在时，然而 ADHD 的共病和后果在成年人和老年人群中经常被观察到。由于 ADHD 患者因注意力和执行功能障碍而就诊于记忆诊所，因此对未被诊断的 ADHD 患者进行神经心理学检查可能会揭示出非典型的认知特征，这可能会使常规诊断程序复杂化，并增加诊断延迟或误诊的风险。因此，对成年人群的认知和/或行为障碍的探索应系统地筛查这种神经发育障碍。准确的诊断可能会导致非药物和/或药物治疗，以改善成年 ADHD 患者的症状和生活质量。
