Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry/South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Forensic Psychology Service, National and Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Michael Rutter Centre, De Crespigny Park, London, UK.
Autism Res. 2013 Aug;6(4):225-36. doi: 10.1002/aur.1283. Epub 2013 Jun 20.
Features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and impairments on neuropsychological, tests of attention have been documented in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). To date, there has been a lack of research comparing attention in adults with ASD and adults with ADHD. In study 1, 31 adults with ASD and average intellectual function completed self-report measures of ADHD symptoms. These were compared with self-report measures of ADHD symptoms in 38 adults with ADHD and 29 general population controls. In study 2, 28 adults with a diagnosis of ASD were compared with an age- and intelligence quotient-matched sample of 28 adults with ADHD across a range of measures of attention. Study 1 showed that 36.7% of adults with ASD met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV criteria for current ADHD "caseness" (Barkley Current self-report scores questionnaire). Those with a diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified were most likely to describe ADHD symptoms. The ASD group differed significantly from both the ADHD and control groups on total and individual symptom self-report scores. On neuropsychological testing, adults with ASD and ADHD showed comparable performance on tests of selective attention. Significant group differences were seen on measures of attentional switching; adults with ADHD were significantly faster and more inaccurate, and individuals with Asperger's syndrome showed a significantly slower and more accurate response style. Self-reported rates of ADHD among adults with ASD are significantly higher than in the general adult population and may be underdiagnosed. Adults with ASD have attentional difficulties on some neuropsychological measures.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的特征以及神经心理学测试中的注意力损伤，在自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童中已有记载。迄今为止，关于 ASD 成人和 ADHD 成人注意力的比较研究还很少。在研究 1 中，31 名具有平均智力功能的 ASD 成人完成了 ADHD 症状的自我报告测量。这些测量结果与 38 名 ADHD 成人和 29 名普通人群对照组的 ADHD 自我报告测量结果进行了比较。在研究 2 中，28 名被诊断为 ASD 的成年人与年龄和智商匹配的 28 名 ADHD 成年人进行了一系列注意力测量的比较。研究 1 表明，36.7%的 ASD 成人符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）当前 ADHD“病例”标准（Barkley 当前自我报告评分问卷）。被诊断为特定性发育障碍未特定的患者最有可能描述 ADHD 症状。ASD 组在总症状和个体症状自我报告评分上与 ADHD 组和对照组均有显著差异。在神经心理学测试中，ASD 和 ADHD 成人在选择性注意力测试上表现出相当的成绩。在注意力转换的测量上存在显著的组间差异；ADHD 成人的反应速度更快，但准确性更低，而阿斯伯格综合征患者的反应速度较慢，但准确性更高。ASD 成人的 ADHD 自我报告率明显高于普通成年人群体，可能存在漏诊情况。ASD 成人在某些神经心理学测量上存在注意力困难。
