Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom. 2017 Nov;1865(11 Pt B):1512-1521. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.08.007. Epub 2017 Aug 24.
Retinal-binding proteins, mainly known as rhodopsins, function as photosensors and ion transporters in a wide range of organisms. From halobacterial light-driven proton pump, bacteriorhodopsin, to bovine photoreceptor, visual rhodopsin, they have served as prototypical α-helical membrane proteins in a large number of biophysical studies and aided in the development of many cutting-edge techniques of structural biology and biospectroscopy. In the last decade, microbial and animal rhodopsin families have expanded significantly, bringing into play a number of new interesting structures and functions. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in biophysical approaches to retinal-binding proteins, primarily microbial rhodopsins, including those in optical spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electron paramagnetic resonance, as applied to such fundamental biological aspects as protein oligomerization, folding, and structure.
视网膜结合蛋白，主要是视紫红质，在广泛的生物体中充当光感受器和离子转运蛋白。从嗜盐菌光驱动质子泵、菌紫质(bacteriorhodopsin)到牛感光细胞、视觉视紫红质(visual rhodopsin)，它们在大量生物物理研究中被作为典型的α-螺旋膜蛋白，为许多结构生物学和生物光谱学的前沿技术提供了帮助。在过去的十年中，微生物和动物视紫红质家族显著扩张，带来了许多新的有趣的结构和功能。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论生物物理方法在视网膜结合蛋白，主要是微生物视紫红质方面的最新进展，包括在光学光谱学、X 射线晶体学、核磁共振和电子顺磁共振方面的应用，这些应用涉及蛋白质寡聚化、折叠和结构等基本生物学方面。
