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美国国家海洋和大气管理局霜点湿度计的进展、测量不确定度及近期比较

Advancements, measurement uncertainties, and recent comparisons of the NOAA frost point hygrometer.

作者信息

Hall Emrys G, Jordan Allen F, Hurst Dale F, Oltmans Samuel J, Vömel Holger, Kühnreich Benjamin, Ebert Volker

机构信息

Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

出版信息

Atmos Meas Tech. 2016;9(9):4295-4310. doi: 10.5194/amt-9-4295-2016. Epub 2016 Sep 5.

Abstract

The NOAA frost point hygrometer (FPH) is a balloon-borne instrument flown monthly at three sites to measure water vapor profiles up to 28 km. The FPH record from Boulder, Colorado, is the longest continuous stratospheric water vapor record. The instrument has an uncertainty in the stratosphere that is < 6 % and up to 12 % in the troposphere. A digital microcontroller version of the instrument improved upon the older versions in 2008 with sunlight filtering, better frost control, and resistance to radio frequency interference (RFI). A new thermistor calibration technique was implemented in 2014, decreasing the uncertainty in the thermistor calibration fit to less than 0.01 °C over the full range of frost - or dew point temperatures (-93 to +20 °C) measured during a profile. Results from multiple water vapor intercomparisons are presented, including the excellent agreement between the NOAA FPH and the direct tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (dTDLAS) MC-PicT-1.4 during AquaVIT-2 chamber experiments over 6 days that provides confidence in the accuracy of the FPH measurements. Dual instrument flights with two FPHs or an FPH and a cryogenic frost point hygrometer (CFH) also show good agreement when launched on the same balloon. The results from these comparisons demonstrate the high level of accuracy of the NOAA FPH.

摘要

美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)的霜点湿度计(FPH)是一种搭载在气球上的仪器,每月在三个地点放飞,用于测量高达28公里的水汽廓线。来自科罗拉多州博尔德市的FPH记录是最长的平流层水汽连续记录。该仪器在平流层的不确定性小于6%,在对流层高达12%。2008年,该仪器的数字微控制器版本在旧版本的基础上进行了改进,具备阳光过滤、更好的霜控制以及抗射频干扰(RFI)能力。2014年实施了一种新的热敏电阻校准技术,在一次廓线测量期间所测的整个霜点或露点温度范围(-93至+20°C)内,将热敏电阻校准拟合的不确定性降低至小于0.01°C。文中给出了多次水汽比对的结果,包括在AquaVIT-2舱内实验的6天期间,NOAA FPH与直接可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱仪(dTDLAS)MC-PicT-1.4之间的出色一致性,这为FPH测量的准确性提供了信心。当两个FPH或一个FPH与一个低温霜点湿度计(CFH)搭载在同一个气球上发射时,双仪器飞行也显示出良好的一致性。这些比对结果证明了NOAA FPH的高精度水平。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/321d/5571835/7aef15f17f2e/nihms896822f1.jpg

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