Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 14030 Bolu, Turkey.
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(34):5104-5114. doi: 10.2174/1381612823666170825125426.
The genus Digitalis L. containing species, commonly known as the "foxglove", is the main source of cardenolides, which have various pharmacological properties effective against certain pathological conditions including myocardial infarction, arterial hypertension, cardiac dysfunction, angina, and hypertrophy. Togehter with a prime effect of controlling the heart rhythm, many workers demonstrated that lanatoside C and some other cardiac glycosides are effective in several cancer treatments such as prostate and breast cancers. Due to digoxigenin derivatives of cardenolides, which are mainly used for medicinal purposes, such as digoxigenin, D. lanata as a main source is of great interest for commercial scale production of cardenolides in Europe. Phytochemical studies on cardenolides, naturally occurring plant secondary metabolites, have mainly focused on the species of the genus Digitalis L., as the members of this family have a high level and diverse content of cardenolides. During the last few decades, plant tissue culture techniques have been optimised for many plant species including Digitalis, however, the production capacity of cardenolides somehow failed to reach a commercially desired extent. In this review paper, the genus Digitalis is evaluated in terms of its main botanical and physiological features, traditional uses, molecular genetics and metabolomics, cellular mechanism of action, medicinal uses, clinical pharmacology, drug interactions, therapy in the management of cardiovascular disorders, potential utility of therapy in extracardiac conditions, and toxicity.
毛地黄属（Digitalis L.）包含多种物种，俗称“毛地黄”，是强心苷的主要来源，此类化合物具有多种药理学特性，对心肌梗死、动脉高血压、心功能障碍、心绞痛和肥大等某些病理状况具有疗效。除了控制心律的主要作用外，许多研究人员还证明，毛地黄毒苷 C 和一些其他强心苷在前列腺癌和乳腺癌等多种癌症的治疗中具有疗效。由于强心苷的地高辛衍生物主要用于药用，如地高辛，因此毛地黄（D. lanata）作为主要来源，对于欧洲大规模商业化生产强心苷具有重要意义。植物次生代谢产物强心苷的植物化学研究主要集中在毛地黄属（Digitalis L.）的物种上，因为该科的成员含有高水平且多样化的强心苷。在过去几十年中，植物组织培养技术已经针对包括毛地黄在内的许多植物物种进行了优化，然而，强心苷的产量在某种程度上未能达到商业所需的水平。在这篇综述论文中，毛地黄属（Digitalis L.）从其主要的植物学和生理学特征、传统用途、分子遗传学和代谢组学、细胞作用机制、药用用途、临床药理学、药物相互作用、心血管疾病的治疗管理、在心脏外疾病治疗中的潜在应用以及毒性等方面进行了评估。
