Patrão Ana Luísa, Almeida Maria da Conceição, Matos Sheila Maria Alvim, Chor Dora, Aquino Estela M L
Institute of Collective Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
FIOCRUZ, Centro de Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil.
BMJ Open. 2017 Aug 28;7(8):e015705. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015705.
It has been estimated that over 50% of the premature deaths occurring in Western countries can be attributed to causes rooted in lifestyle. In turn, leading a healthy lifestyle has also been associated with a wide range of psychosocial factors. Today, it is known that these differ among men and women. The present article aimed to identify, from a gender-based perspective, the psychosocial factors associated with healthy lifestyles in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort, the largest study concerning adult health conducted in Latin America to date.
This cross-sectional study was conducted using ELSA-Brasil baseline data, collected between 2008 and 2010.
Six Brazilian public higher education and research institutions.
The ELSA-Brasil cohort consists of approximately 15 000 employees (8218 women and 6887 men), both currently working and retired.
The lifestyle indicator was constructed by summing the scores attributed to four different behaviours.
The women of the ELSA-Brasil cohort have healthier lifestyles than men. In women, strong associations were found between a healthy lifestyle and age 60 years or older, Asian race and university level of education or higher. In men, being 60 years or older, of Asian or Caucasian race, having a high-school equivalent level of education or higher, being retired, having a housekeeper, having a good or very good self-perception of health and being satisfied with body image were the psychosocial factors associated with leading a healthy lifestyle.
The factors that influenced healthy lifestyles were found to differ among men and women, a fact that must be addressed when developing programmes designed to promote health.
据估计，西方国家超过50%的过早死亡可归因于源于生活方式的原因。反过来，健康的生活方式也与多种社会心理因素相关。如今，已知这些因素在男性和女性之间存在差异。本文旨在从基于性别的角度，在巴西成人健康纵向研究（ELSA - Brasil）队列中确定与健康生活方式相关的社会心理因素，该队列是拉丁美洲迄今为止开展的最大规模的成人健康研究。
本横断面研究使用了2008年至2010年收集的ELSA - Brasil基线数据。
巴西六所公立高等教育和研究机构。
ELSA - Brasil队列由约15000名员工（8218名女性和6887名男性）组成，包括在职和退休人员。
生活方式指标通过对四种不同行为的得分求和构建。
ELSA - Brasil队列中的女性生活方式比男性更健康。在女性中，健康的生活方式与60岁及以上、亚洲种族以及大学及以上教育水平之间存在强烈关联。在男性中，60岁及以上、亚洲或白种人种族、具有高中及以上教育水平、退休、有家政服务人员、对健康有良好或非常良好的自我认知以及对身体形象满意是与健康生活方式相关的社会心理因素。
发现影响健康生活方式的因素在男性和女性之间存在差异，这一事实在制定促进健康的计划时必须予以考虑。
