Chen Jiaoyan, Liu Keke, Zhang Juan, Liu Songhui, Wang Yuanyuan, Cao Ruiyao, Peng Xingwang, Han Mei, Han Hui, Yao Rongying, Fu Lianguo
Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People's Republic of China.
Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2023 Aug 16;16:3247-3258. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S418535. eCollection 2023.
Children's eating behaviors, body shape and body image cognition may be more susceptible to the influence of their parents, but these influences may be weakened with age. There may be different association pathways between parental pressure on children's body image (PPCBI), body mass index (BMI), body image dissatisfaction (BID) and eating disorders (EDs) among children and adolescents at different developmental stages.
The stratified cluster sampling method (Stratified by grade, and took the classes as clusters) was used to select 486 students aged 8-15 years in two 9-year schools. Children's body height, weight, testicular volume and breast development were measured. PPCBI, BID, and EDs were investigated using the Appearance-related Social Stress Questionnaire, Body Size Questionnaire (BID-14), and EDI-1 scale, respectively.
The boys before puberty initiation had significantly higher EDs score (182.3±50.8) than girls before puberty initiation (164.1±58.1) (<0.05). There were significant association pathways of PPCBI→BMI→BID→EDs and PPCBI→BID→EDs in boys before puberty initiation (=0.035, <0.01; =0.059, <0.01), in boys after puberty initiation (=0.032, <0.01; =0.175, <0.001), and in girls after puberty initiation (=0.026, <0.01; =0.172, <0.001). There was a positive association pathway of PPCBI→EDs in boys before puberty initiation (=0.30, <0.001) and PPCBI→BID→EDs in girls before puberty initiation (=0.176, <0.01).
Parental pressure on children's body image may positively associate with children's eating disorders through BMI and body image dissatisfaction in boys and girls after puberty initiation and directly associate with eating disorders in boys before puberty initiation; however, it may indirectly associate with eating disorders only through BID in girls before puberty initiation.
儿童的饮食行为、体型和身体意象认知可能更容易受到父母的影响，但这些影响可能会随着年龄的增长而减弱。在不同发育阶段的儿童和青少年中，父母对儿童身体意象的压力（PPCBI）、体重指数（BMI）、身体意象不满（BID）和饮食失调（EDs）之间可能存在不同的关联途径。
采用分层整群抽样方法（按年级分层，以班级为群），在两所九年制学校选取486名8 - 15岁的学生。测量儿童的身高、体重、睾丸体积和乳房发育情况。分别使用与外貌相关的社会压力问卷、身体尺寸问卷（BID - 14）和EDI - 1量表对PPCBI、BID和EDs进行调查。
青春期开始前的男孩EDs得分（182.3±50.8）显著高于青春期开始前的女孩（164.1±58.1）（<0.05）。在青春期开始前的男孩（=0.035，<0.01；=0.059，<0.01）、青春期开始后的男孩（=0.032，<0.01；=0.175，<0.001）和青春期开始后的女孩（=0.026，<0.01；=0.172，<0.001）中，存在PPCBI→BMI→BID→EDs和PPCBI→BID→EDs的显著关联途径。在青春期开始前的男孩中存在PPCBI→EDs的正相关途径（=0.30，<0.001），在青春期开始前的女孩中存在PPCBI→BID→EDs的正相关途径（=0.176，<0.01）。
父母对儿童身体意象的压力在青春期开始后的男孩和女孩中可能通过BMI和身体意象不满与儿童的饮食失调呈正相关，在青春期开始前的男孩中与饮食失调直接相关；然而，在青春期开始前的女孩中可能仅通过BID与饮食失调间接相关。
