Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 29;7(1):9791. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09952-1.
The Rho-family small GTPase Cdc42 localizes at plasma membrane and Golgi complex and aside from protrusion and migration operates in vesicle trafficking, endo- and exocytosis as well as establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarity. The formin family members FMNL2 and -3 are actin assembly factors established to regulate cell edge protrusion during migration and invasion. Here we report these formins to additionally accumulate and function at the Golgi apparatus. As opposed to lamellipodia, Golgi targeting of these proteins required both their N-terminal myristoylation and the interaction with Cdc42. Moreover, Golgi association of FMNL2 or -3 induced a phalloidin-detectable actin meshwork around the Golgi. Importantly, functional interference with FMNL2/3 formins by RNAi or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene deletion invariably induced Golgi fragmentation in different cell lines. Furthermore, absence of these proteins led to enlargement of endosomes as well as defective maturation and/or sorting into late endosomes and lysosomes. In line with Cdc42 - recently established to regulate anterograde transport through the Golgi by cargo sorting and carrier formation - FMNL2/3 depletion also affected anterograde trafficking of VSV-G from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. Our data thus link FMNL2/3 formins to actin assembly-dependent functions of Cdc42 in anterograde transport through the Golgi apparatus.
Rho 家族的小 GTP 酶 Cdc42 定位于质膜和高尔基体复合体,除了突起和迁移外,还参与囊泡运输、内吞作用和外排作用以及细胞极性的建立和/或维持。formin 家族成员 FMNL2 和 -3 是肌动蛋白组装因子,被确定为在迁移和侵袭过程中调节细胞边缘突起。在这里,我们报告这些形成因子另外在高尔基体中积累和发挥作用。与片状伪足不同,这些蛋白质的质膜靶向需要它们的 N 端豆蔻酰化和与 Cdc42 的相互作用。此外,FMNL2 或 -3 与高尔基体的结合诱导了高尔基体周围鬼笔环肽可检测的肌动蛋白网格。重要的是,通过 RNAi 或 CRISPR/Cas9 介导的基因缺失对 FMNL2/3 形成因子的功能干扰,在不同的细胞系中不可避免地诱导了高尔基体碎片化。此外,这些蛋白质的缺失导致内体增大,以及晚期内体和溶酶体中成熟和/或分拣缺陷。与最近通过货物分拣和载体形成来调节高尔基体顺行运输的 Cdc42 一致,FMNL2/3 耗竭也影响了 VSV-G 从高尔基体到质膜的顺行运输。因此,我们的数据将 FMNL2/3 形成因子与 Cdc42 在高尔基体顺行运输中的肌动蛋白组装依赖性功能联系起来。
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