Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330073 Santiago, Chile.
J Environ Public Health. 2013;2013:978656. doi: 10.1155/2013/978656. Epub 2013 Feb 3.
Evidence on the health-damaging effects of precarious employment is limited by the use of one-dimensional approaches focused on employment instability. This study assesses the association between precarious employment and poor mental health using the multidimensional Employment Precariousness Scale.
Cross-sectional study of 5679 temporary and permanent workers from the population-based Psychosocial Factors Survey was carried out in 2004-2005 in Spain. Poor mental health was defined as SF-36 mental health scores below the 25th percentile of the Spanish reference for each respondent's sex and age. Prevalence proportion ratios (PPRs) of poor mental health across quintiles of employment precariousness (reference: 1st quintile) were calculated with log-binomial regressions, separately for women and men.
Crude PPRs showed a gradient association with poor mental health and remained generally unchanged after adjustments for age, immigrant status, socioeconomic position, and previous unemployment. Fully adjusted PPRs for the 5th quintile were 2.54 (95% CI: 1.95-3.31) for women and 2.23 (95% CI: 1.86-2.68) for men.
The study finds a gradient association between employment precariousness and poor mental health, which was somewhat stronger among women, suggesting an interaction with gender-related power asymmetries. Further research is needed to strengthen the epidemiological evidence base and to inform labour market policy-making.
由于使用集中于就业不稳定的一维方法，有关不稳定就业对健康造成损害的证据有限。本研究使用多维就业不稳定性量表评估了不稳定就业与心理健康不良之间的关联。
2004-2005 年在西班牙进行了一项基于人群的心理社会因素调查，对 5679 名临时和永久工人进行了横断面研究。心理健康不良被定义为 SF-36 心理健康评分低于每位受访者性别和年龄的西班牙参考值的第 25 百分位。使用对数二项式回归，分别为女性和男性计算就业不稳定性五分位数（参考：第一五分位数）的心理健康不良的患病率比例比（PPR）。
粗 PPR 显示出与心理健康不良的梯度关联，并且在调整年龄、移民身份、社会经济地位和以前的失业后基本保持不变。第五五分位的完全调整后的 PPR 为女性 2.54（95%CI：1.95-3.31）和男性 2.23（95%CI：1.86-2.68）。
该研究发现就业不稳定性与心理健康不良之间存在梯度关联，这种关联在女性中更为明显，表明与性别相关的权力不对称有关。需要进一步研究来加强流行病学证据基础，并为劳动力市场政策制定提供信息。
