Fisinin V I, Il'ina L A, Iyldyrym E A, Nikonov I N, Filippova V A, Laptev G Yu, Novikova N I, Grozina A A, Lenkova T N, Manukya V A, Egorov I A
Mikrobiologiia. 2016 Jul;85(4):472-480.
Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) were used to determine the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder. The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. Contrary to traditional concepts, enterococci and bi- fidobacteria were among the minor components of the community, lactate-fermenting species were absent, and typical avian pathogens of the genus Staphylococcus were detected but seldom. Members of the family Suterellaceae and the genus Gallibacterium, which are responsible for avian respiratory infections, were also detected. Significant fluctuations of abundance and composition of microbial groups within the cecal com- munity and of the parameters of broiler productivity were found to occur depending on the feed allowance. Cellulose content in the feed had the most pronounced effect on the composition aid structure of bacterial communities. Decreased cellulose content resulted in a decrease of bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude and in increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides. Abundance of the normal inhabitants of avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus and the order Bacillales decreased, while the share of Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae increased, including some species capable of causing dysbiotic changes in avian intestine. No significant change in abundance of cellulolytics of the families Ruminococca- ceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacteriaceae was observed.
采用分子遗传学技术（二代测序和定量PCR）来测定饲喂不同混合饲料的肉鸡盲肠细菌群落的组成。盲肠微生物群表现出分类学多样性，既有属于梭菌科、真杆菌科和乳杆菌科以及拟杆菌门的禽类肠道典型菌群，也有新的未鉴定分类群，还有之前被认为仅限于瘤胃微生物区系的毛螺菌科和瘤胃球菌科细菌。与传统观念相反，肠球菌和双歧杆菌是群落中的次要成分，缺乏乳酸发酵菌，检测到但很少见典型的葡萄球菌属禽类病原体。还检测到了导致禽类呼吸道感染的Suterellaceae科和加氏杆菌属成员。发现盲肠群落内微生物群的丰度和组成以及肉鸡生产性能参数会随着采食量的变化而发生显著波动。饲料中的纤维素含量对细菌群落的组成和结构影响最为显著。纤维素含量降低导致细菌丰度下降一个数量级，同时拥有降解淀粉多糖酶的拟杆菌门和梭菌科成员的比例增加。属于乳杆菌属和芽孢杆菌目的禽类肠道正常菌群丰度下降，而埃希氏菌属和Suterellaceae科成员的比例增加，包括一些能够引起禽类肠道生态失调变化的物种。未观察到瘤胃球菌科、毛螺菌科和真杆菌科纤维素分解菌丰度的显著变化。
