Gerzer R, Heim J M, Schütte B, Weil J
Klin Wochenschr. 1987;65 Suppl 8:109-14.
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) interacts with its target cells through specific receptors. This interaction induces, in most cell types, the activation of particulate guanylate cyclase and decreased Calcium mobilisation. In addition, ANF also decreases adenylate cyclase activity in some tissues. Activation of particulate guanylate cyclase, and additionally inhibition of adenylate cyclase, appear to initiate the cellular responses to circulating ANF. The activation of particulate guanylate cyclase is tissue-specific, immediate and can be demonstrated also on the solubilized enzyme. The ANF receptor appears to be tightly coupled to particulate guanylate cyclase. The increased formation of cyclic GMP induces cGMP-dependent protein phosphorylation in target cells. In addition, cyclic GMP inhibits Calcium mobilisation in several tissues. This may explain observations of inhibition of Calcium mobilisation after ANF. Cyclic GMP is not only degraded by phosphodiesterase, but is also extruded from target cells. As a consequence of cGMP extrusion, ANF increases the levels of cyclic GMP in plasma and urine in animals and man. Cyclic GMP is also increased in various disease states, in which ANF is increased. In contrast, cyclic AMP plasma levels are unaltered after ANF elevations. At present, the exact mechanisms, by which cellular functions are altered by ANF are still incompletely understood. It is anticipated, that the close correlation between the cyclic GMP system and effects of ANF in various target tissues is a key finding that will help elucidate the exact mechanisms of ANF action.
心房利钠因子（ANF）通过特定受体与其靶细胞相互作用。这种相互作用在大多数细胞类型中诱导颗粒型鸟苷酸环化酶的激活并减少钙动员。此外，ANF在某些组织中还会降低腺苷酸环化酶的活性。颗粒型鸟苷酸环化酶的激活以及腺苷酸环化酶的抑制似乎启动了细胞对循环ANF的反应。颗粒型鸟苷酸环化酶的激活具有组织特异性、即时性，并且在可溶酶上也能得到证实。ANF受体似乎与颗粒型鸟苷酸环化酶紧密偶联。环磷酸鸟苷（cGMP）形成的增加诱导靶细胞中依赖cGMP的蛋白质磷酸化。此外，cGMP在几种组织中抑制钙动员。这可能解释了ANF后钙动员受到抑制的观察结果。cGMP不仅被磷酸二酯酶降解，还从靶细胞中排出。由于cGMP的排出，ANF增加了动物和人类血浆和尿液中环磷酸鸟苷的水平。在ANF增加的各种疾病状态下，cGMP也会增加。相比之下，ANF升高后血浆中环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）水平未改变。目前，ANF改变细胞功能的确切机制仍未完全了解。可以预期，cGMP系统与ANF在各种靶组织中的作用之间的密切相关性是一个关键发现，将有助于阐明ANF作用的确切机制。
