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组学数据揭示了药用真菌蝉花不寻常的无性产果特性和次生代谢潜力。

Omics data reveal the unusual asexual-fruiting nature and secondary metabolic potentials of the medicinal fungus Cordyceps cicadae.

作者信息

Lu Yuzhen, Luo Feifei, Cen Kai, Xiao Guohua, Yin Ying, Li Chunru, Li Zengzhi, Zhan Shuai, Zhang Huizhan, Wang Chengshu

机构信息

CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.

出版信息

BMC Genomics. 2017 Aug 30;18(1):668. doi: 10.1186/s12864-017-4060-4.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Ascomycete Cordyceps species have been using as valued traditional Chinese medicines. Particularly, the fruiting bodies of Cordyceps cicadae (syn. Isaria cicadae) have long been utilized for the treatment of chronic kidney disease. However, the genetics and bioactive chemicals in this fungus have been largely unexplored.

RESULTS

In this study, we performed comprehensive omics analyses of C. cicadae, and found that, in contrast to other Cordyceps fungi, C. cicadae produces asexual fruiting bodies with the production of conidial spores instead of the meiotic ascospores. Genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis indicate that the protein families encoded by C. cicadae are typical of entomopathogenic fungi, including the expansion of proteases and chitinases for targeting insect hosts. Interestingly, we found that the MAT1-2 mating-type locus of the sequenced strain contains an abnormally truncated MAT1-1-1 gene. Gene deletions revealed that asexual fruiting of C. cicadae is independent of the MAT locus control. RNA-seq transcriptome data also indicate that, compared to growth in a liquid culture, the putative genes involved in mating and meiosis processes were not up-regulated during fungal fruiting, further supporting asexual reproduction in this fungus. The genome of C. cicadae encodes an array of conservative and divergent gene clusters for secondary metabolisms. Based on our analysis, the production of known carcinogenic metabolites by this fungus could be potentially precluded. However, the confirmed production of oosporein raises health concerns about the frequent consumption of fungal fruiting bodies.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study expand our knowledge of fungal genetics that asexual fruiting can occur independent of the MAT locus control. The obtained genomic and metabolomic data will benefit future investigations of this fungus for medicinal uses.

摘要

背景

子囊菌虫草属物种一直被用作珍贵的传统中药。特别是,蝉花(同义词:蝉拟青霉)的子实体长期以来一直用于治疗慢性肾病。然而,这种真菌的遗传学和生物活性化学物质在很大程度上尚未得到探索。

结果

在本研究中,我们对蝉花进行了全面的组学分析,发现与其他虫草真菌不同,蝉花产生无性子实体并产生分生孢子而非减数分裂的子囊孢子。基因组测序和比较基因组分析表明,蝉花编码的蛋白质家族是昆虫病原真菌的典型特征,包括针对昆虫宿主的蛋白酶和几丁质酶的扩增。有趣的是,我们发现测序菌株的MAT1-2交配型位点包含一个异常截短的MAT1-1-1基因。基因缺失表明蝉花的无性结实独立于MAT位点控制。RNA测序转录组数据还表明,与液体培养中的生长相比,参与交配和减数分裂过程的推定基因在真菌结实过程中并未上调,进一步支持了这种真菌的无性繁殖。蝉花的基因组编码了一系列用于次级代谢的保守和不同的基因簇。根据我们的分析,这种真菌产生已知致癌代谢物的可能性可能被排除。然而,已证实的卵孢素的产生引发了对频繁食用真菌子实体的健康担忧。

结论

本研究结果扩展了我们对真菌遗传学的认识,即无性结实可以独立于MAT位点控制而发生。获得的基因组和代谢组数据将有利于未来对这种真菌药用的研究。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6007/5577849/bd97961c72bf/12864_2017_4060_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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