Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
J Dig Dis. 2017 Sep;18(9):495-503. doi: 10.1111/1751-2980.12540.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), comprising of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by chronically relapsing mucosal inflammation. Neutrophils, as the effector cells of acute inflammation, have long been reported to play a role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and pathogenesis of IBD. At the early stage of mucosal inflammation in patients with IBD, neutrophils flood into intestinal mucosa, phagocytose pathogenic microbes, and promote mucosal healing and resolution of inflammation. However, large numbers of neutrophils infiltrating in the inflamed mucosa and accumulating in the epithelia cause damage of mucosal architecture, compromised epithelial barrier and production of inflammatory mediators. In this review we discuss the critical roles of neutrophils in modulating innate and adaptive immune responses in intestinal mucosa, and, importantly, clarify the potential roles of neutrophils related to their production of inflammatory mediators, transenthothelial and transepithelial migration into intestinal mucosa, and the underlying mechanisms in regulating mucosal inflammation of IBD. Moreover, we also describe a new subset of neutrophils (i.e., CD177 neutrophils) and illustrate its protective role in modulating intestinal mucosal immune responses in IBD.
炎症性肠病（IBD）包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病，是胃肠道的炎症性疾病，其特征是慢性复发的黏膜炎症。中性粒细胞作为急性炎症的效应细胞，长期以来被认为在维持肠道内稳态和 IBD 的发病机制中发挥作用。在 IBD 患者的黏膜炎症早期，中性粒细胞涌入肠道黏膜，吞噬致病微生物，并促进黏膜愈合和炎症消退。然而，大量浸润在炎症黏膜中的中性粒细胞在细胞层积聚，导致黏膜结构受损，上皮屏障受损，炎症介质产生。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了中性粒细胞在调节肠道黏膜固有和适应性免疫反应中的关键作用，重要的是，阐明了中性粒细胞与炎症介质产生、经黏膜和上皮迁移到肠道黏膜以及调节 IBD 黏膜炎症的潜在机制有关的潜在作用。此外，我们还描述了一种新的中性粒细胞亚群（即 CD177 中性粒细胞），并说明了其在调节 IBD 肠道黏膜免疫反应中的保护作用。
